431 

ti  3    |      83   flSM    S30 


Hardwood  Manufacturers' 
Institute 


purpose,  ar/wf 


Temporary  Offices:  Memphis,  Tenn. 


THE 

HARDWOOD  MANUFACTURERS' 
INSTITUTE 

WHAT  IT  IS 


Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Institute  is  an  organ- 
ization  composed  of  hardwood  lumber  producers  or 
manufacturers.  It  is  designed  to  be  national  in  scope  in 
respect  to  membership,  and  national  —  and  even  internation- 
al —  in  the  scope  of  the  service  it  will  render  manufacturers 
and  consumers  of  hardwood  lumber. 

While  for  obvious  reasons  its  actual  membership  is  con- 
fined to  bona  fide  producers  of  hardwood  lumber  and  hard- 
wood forest  products,  it  welcomes,  invites  and  desires  the 
views  and  the  fullest  sort  of  consultation  and  conference 
with  all  having  knowledge  of  any  branches  of  the  subject, 
especially  consumers  using  hardwood  forest  products,  as  it 
realizes  that  the  best  interests  of  both  are  indissolubly  uni- 
ted, and  that  what  is  best  suited  to  serve  the  consumer  is 
the  most  desirable  for  the  producer. 

It  realizes  the  imperative  necessity  of  keeping  the  con- 
trol and  policies  of  the  industries  free  from  influences  which 
prevent  its  serving  best  the  interests  of  production,  con- 
sumption and  conservation. 

THE  WASHINGTON  LUMBER  STANDARDIZATION 
CONFERENCE. 

Suggestions  by  Secretary  Hoover. 

The  conference,  national  in  scope,  held  by  Secretary  of 
Commerce,  Hoover,  with  lumber  manufacturers  and  repres- 
entatives of  consumers  from  all  over  the  United  States,  was 
a  development  of  first  importance  to  all  elements  of  the 
industry. 

To  this  conference  Secretary  Hoover  made  suggestions 
for  constructive  action  looking  to 

Simplification  and  standardization  of  nomenclature; 

801094 


•:"•."  $»im'pli-f ication  and  standardization  of  sizes ; 

>v  j  .r  >  - .      . '.  .  . 

Provision  for  and  standardization  of  ways  and  means 
for  guarantees  to  the  customers  and  the  public;  that  is,  for 
the  adoption  of  appropriate  means,  such  as  grade  mark- 
ing the  lumber,  car  cards  showing  quantity  and  quality  of 
the  lumber,  etc.,  in  order  to  assure  the  movement  of  the 
lumber  from  the  mill  to  the  consumer,  without  manipula- 
tion or  change; 

And  a  national  instrumentality  to  provide,  supervise, 
and  administer  the  necessary  inspection  service. 

Conclusions  and  Recommendations  by  the  Conference. 

The  Standardization  Conference  enthusiastically  ap- 
proved the  program  suggested  to  it  and  in  response  to  the 
suggestions  made  took  the  following  action: 

1.  Recommended  that  the  National  Lumber  Manufac- 
turers' Association  set  up  a  competent  committee  with  ef- 
ficient engineering  service,  which  should  seek  so  far  as  pos- 
sible to  equalize  grades  in  all  woods,  the  said  committee  in 
performing  its  work  to  confer  with  and  secure  the  advice 
of  representatives  of  the  consuming  public,  the  Department 
of  Commerce  and  other  Departments  of  the  Government. 

2.  Resolved  that  grade  rules  should  be  based  on  the 
needs  of  consumption  and  the  ability  of  the  producers  with 
the  timber  available  to  satisfy  those  needs;  that  grades 
should  be  so  made  as  to  allocate  the  available  supply  to  the 
various  consuming  industries  in  proportion  to  their  needs 
and  demands  so  that  the  products  of  the  manufacturer  may 
be  utilized  with  the  least  waste  and  therefore  at  the  lowest 
cost  to  the  ultimate  consumers. 

3.  Determined  to  recommend  and  work  for  the  follow- 
ing program  to  the  end  that  our  industry,  as  a  whole,  may 
undertake  to  provide  such  inspection  service  and  supervision 
for  the  manufacturers  in  all  associations,  and  those  they 
serve,  as  will  guarantee  the  buyers  of  the  product: 

"1st.  A,  That  all  grading  will  be  done  by  properly  sup- 
ervised and  qualified  graders  or  inspectors. 

"B.  That  in  case  of  complaint  on  account  of  the  grade 
or  tally  of  any  shipment,  official  association  reinspection 
will  be  available. 


"C.  That  where  buyers  demand,  and  will  pay  the  cost 
a  certificate  made  by  a  certified  association  inspector  will 
be  furnished  with  each  shipment  so  arranged  for. 

"2nd.  To  arrange  for  the  placing  in  each  car  at  the 
mill  of  a  card  giving  grade  and  contents  of  car. 

"3rd.  If  found  practicable,  to  place  an  association 
grade  mark  on  a  sufficient  portion  of  each  shipment  to  pro- 
tect the  consumers  or  re-manufacturers  from  substitution. 
Said  grade  mark  to  identify  the  member  mill  by  number,  the 
Association  it  belongs  to  by  letter  or  other  copyrighted  in- 
signia, and  the  grade  in  plain  nomenclature  or  easily  under- 
standable abbreviations  thereof. 

"4th.  The  purpose  we  desire  to  accomplish  is  to  provide 
a  commodity  that  can  be  merchandised  and  cannot  be  mani- 
pulated." 

4.  Recommended  that  The  National  Lumber  Manufac- 
turers' Association  be  designated  and  recommended  as  the 
responsible  agency  for  developing  and  maintaining  the  con- 
tact by  and  between  those  who  should  collaborate  upon  the 
subject.  The  resolution  was  as  follows: 

"RESOLVED,  That  with  respect  to  the  program  inau- 
gurated by  the  Department  of  Commerce  concerning  stand- 
ardization, simplification,  guarantees  to  the  public,  and  sim- 
ilar matters,  that  the  contact  between  the  lumber  industry 
and  the  Departments  of  Commerce  and  of  Agriculture  and 
other  governmental  departments,  the  public  and  others  in- 
terested be  through  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers' 
Association;  and  that  the  regional  associations  and  others 
representing  lumber  producers  keep  the  National  Lumber 
Manufacturers'  Association  advised  of  the  development  and 
status  of  the  program  undertaken  by  this  conference." 

Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Institute  in  Complete  Accord. 

The  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Institute  unanimously 
approved  the  work,  accomplishment  and  purposes  of  the 
Standardization  Conference,  and  created  effective  machinery 
to  cooperate  in  and  help  carry  to  a  successful  conclusion  the 
work  it  has  undertaken. 

3 


The  resolutions  embodying  this  approval,  and  defining 
the  policy  of  the  Institute  appear  in  full  -hereinafter  in  this 
pamphlet.  Among  other  things  it  will  be  observed  from 
these  resolutions  that  the  manufacturers  are  unanimous  in 
their  opinion  that  there  is  real  need  for  a  revision,  reforma- 
tion and  re-formulation  of  the  rules  for  the  grading  and  in- 
spection of  hardwood  lumber  in  the  mutual  interest  of  pro- 
duction, consumption  and  conservation. 

It  will  be  further  observed  that  in  working  out  this 
program,  it  will  be  done  in  a  thorough  and  orderly  way  con- 
serving the  best  interests  of  all — it  is  constructive,  not  de- 
structive. 

The  Progress  Being  Made  on  the  Standardization  Program. 

The  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association,  im- 
mediately following  the  adjournment  of  the  Standardization 
Conference  at  Washington,  vigorously  took  up  the  discharge 
of  the  responsibilities  imposed  upon  it  by  the  conference  by 
the  resolutions  and  recommendations  above  mentioned,  and 
arranged  a  series  of  conferences  at  the  United  States  For- 
est Products  Laboratory,  at  Madison,  Wis.,  at  Chicago,  and 
at  Portland,  Oregon. 

These  conferences  will  be  participated  in  by  association 
engineers,  technical  experts,  representatives  of  producers, 
distributors,  and  consumers,  as  well  as  by  detached  experts 
such  as  representatives  of  the  appropriate  governmental  de- 
partments, architects  and  so  forth. 

WHAT  THE  RESULTS  WILL  BE. 

The  net  result  of  this,  when  completed,  will  be  the 
most  perfect  standardization  of  every  aspect  of  the  industry 
of  which  the  subject  is  susceptible.  This  will  embrace  adopt- 
ion of  standard  names  for  the  different  varieties  of  trees 
or  woods ;  it  will  embody  a  standardization  of  sizes  of  mater- 
ial and  practices  as  to  counting  and  computing  same.  An- 
other result  will  be  a  standardized  system  of  grade  rules  for 
the  grading  and  inspection  of  all  lumber,  embodying  uni- 
form, standardized  names  or  nomenclature ;  and  a  system  of 
practices,  means  and  methods  which  will  be  the  best  possi- 


ble  to  be  devised  to  insure  and  guarantee  that  the  consum- 
ers and  the  public  will  receive,  without  change  or  manipula- 
tion, what  they  buy  and  are  entitled  to  receive.  There  will 
be  provided  also  a  plan  and  agency  for  inspection  or  re- 
inspection  of  lumber  of  such  character  that  the  integrity 
and  methods  cannot  be  questioned  to  assure  fairness  and 
justice  to  all. 

This  service  will  be  open  and  available  to  everyone,  pro- 
ducer, consumer,  dealer  or  any  member  of  the  public,  upon 
the  payment  of  proper  fees  therefor. 

The  Hardwood  Manufacturer's  Institute  looks  forward 
to  the  early  accomplishment  of  this  highly  desirable  program 
with  the  greatest  enthusiasm.  It  is  endeavoring  to  aid  in 
the  achievement,  and  will  fully  support  and  conform  to  these 
policies,  and  the  measures  which  may  be  necessary  to  make 
them  effective. 

The  Policy  of  the  Institute  Pending  the  Completion 
of  the  National  Standardization  Program. 

Until  standardized  rules,  thus  scientifically  arrived  at,  are 
formulated  and  announced,  The  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  In- 
stitute will  use  temporarily  in  the  interim  the  rules  adopted  at  the 
Louisville  meeting,  being  those  which  were  then  in  use  by  the 
American  Hardwood  Manufacturers1  Association;  at  the  same 
time  the  Sales  Code  of  the  said  Association  was  adopted  by  the 
Institute. 

Inspection  Service. 

The  inspection  service  of  the  Institute,  for  original  or  re-in- 
spection service,  for  domestic  or  export  business  is  adequate  and 
available  and  is  open  to  everyone  desiring  to  avail  themselves 
thereof,  member  and  non-member,  producer  and  consumer  alike. 

Statistical  Service. 

The  Institute  is  just  now  perfecting  plans  for  an  effi- 
cient statistical  service,  pursuant  to  the  resolutions  adopted 
at  Louisville,  as  full  and  adequate  as  possible,  consistent  with 
the  legal  limitations  which  must  be  observed. 


There  can  be  no  question  that  there  is  ample  field  with- 
in clear  legal  rights  for  statistical  work  of  inestimable  value 
to  both  producers  and  consumers. 

Importance  of  Accomplishing  the  Standardization  Ideals. 

The  accomplishment  of  the  ideals  of  the  Washington 
Standardization  Conference  is  of  the  utmost  importance  to 
the  producers  and  consumers,  as  well  as  the  legitimate  deal- 
ers; and  all  should  work  for  that  common  purpose.  The 
Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Institute  believes  that  these 
ideals  are  right  and  their  attainment  assured.  It  believes 
that  it  is  deserving  of  the  moral  support  of  consumers,  be- 
cause of  the  policies  for  which  it  stands.  Its  rules  and  sales 
code  are  free  to  be  used  by  any  who  desire  to  use  them — and 
its  inspection  service  open  and  available  to  all.  These  are 
very  fair  and  satisfactory  to  buyers,  embodying,  for  exam- 
ple, such  provisions  as  that  in  case  of  question  as  to  grade 
of  lumber,  (quantity  not  being  involved)  the  buyer  may  use 
all  not  subject  to  question,  keeping  for  adjustment  only 
that  portion  of  shipment  concerning  which  question  is  raised. 

The  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Institute  is  deserving 
of  the  unqualified  support  of  the  public,  because  it  stands 
for  those  policies  which  at  once  tend  to  best  serve  and  con- 
serve the  interest  of  production,  consumption  and  conserva- 
tion of  our  hardwood  timber  resources. 


CONSTITUTION 

ARTICLE  I 
Name 

The  name  of  this  organization  shall  be  The  Hardwood 
Manufacturers'  Institute. 

ARTICLE  II 
Objects  and  Purposes 

The  objects  and  purposes  of  this  Institute  shall  be: 

1.  To  secure  and  disseminate  a  full  understanding  of 
the  facts  and  conditions  concerning  and  effecting  the  Hard- 
wood Industry; 

2.  To  provide  and  adopt  and  assist  in  the  adoption  and 
establishment  of  measures  designed  and  intended  to  provide 
and  establish; 

Uniform  standards  and  improved  methods  of  manufac- 
turing and  marketing  hardwood  forest  products. 

Uniform  standardized  nomenclature  for  the  industry. 

Standardized  rules  for  the  grading,  inspection  and  cer- 
tification of  lumber  and  forest  products. 

An  inspection  service  for  the  enforcement  and  adminis- 
tration of  said  rules,  adequate  to  meet  all  needs  therefor. 

Appropriate  and  efficient  means  for  guaranteeing,  to 
purchasers  and  the  public,  the  integrity  of  grades,  the  qual- 
ity and  quantity  of  lumber  and  the  improvement  of  trade 
practices ; 

3.  To  acquire,  preserve  and  disseminate  information 
respecting  the  industry. 

5.  To  enlist  the  co-operation  of  the  consumers  in  pro- 
moting the  mutual  interests  of  producers  and  consumers. 

6.  To  adopt  such  means  as  will  promote  the  wisest 
utilizations  and  the  prevention  of  waste,  thereby  serving 
the  cause  of  conservation  of  our  timber  resources. 


ARTICLE  III 

Mum  K  A  v  c  Vi  i  n 


-:dmsnt  to   Section  1,    of   Article  III,   by  the 
ADDITION  of  the   following  paragraph: 

The  Board  of  Directors   in   its  discretion,    may 
provide  for  membership  in  the  Institute,   by  the 
owners  of  Hardwood  or  Cypress   stumpage   or  timber 
and  timber   lands,    and  also  by  those  engaged  or 
interested  in  activities  which  are  related  to  or 
closely  allied  with  the  producing  branches   of  the 


hardwood  industry,   and  shall  also  determine  the  je 

elegibility,    rights  and  privileges   of   such  members*       ft 


(May  11,   1923,   Annual  Convention,   Chicago) 


r— Jl 


for  cause,  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  Board  of  Directors  but 
no  member  shall  be  expelled  without  being  given  thirty  days 
written  notice  of  the  charges  preferred  and  an  opportunity 
to  appear  before  the  Board  and  present  his  defense. 


ARTICLE  IV 
Departments 

Section  1.  The  activities  of  the  Institute  may  be  con- 
ducted by  and  through  such  appropriate  departments,  div- 
isions or  bureaus  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  determined 
upon  by  it. 

Section  2.  Until  and  unless  the  Institute  at  a  regular 
meeting  (or  special  meeting  called  for  the  purpose)  acts  in 
the  creation  of  said  departments,  divisions  or  bureaus,  the 
Board  of  Directors  shall  have  full  authority  to  act  in  the 
premises,  in  the  creation  and  setting  up  said  departments, 
divisions  or  bureaus  and  defining  their  duties  and  the  scope 
of  their  activities. 

8 


ARTICLE  V 
Initiation  Fees  and  Dues 

Section  1.  The  initiation  fee  shall  be  $25.00  for  mem- 
bership in  the  Institute,  and  upon  payment  of  same  and 
election  to  membership,  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  issue 
a  Certificate  of  Membership  in  the  Institute;  but  member- 
ship in  the  Institute  cV.aH  -^^  i -'- 


Amendment  to  Section  2,    of  Article  V,   by  the 
ADDITION  of  the   following  paragrapht 

Class  E.     This  class  shall  comprise  all  members 
who  are  not    included  in  the  classes  set  out  in 
the  preceding  paragraphs   of  this   section,   and 
Board  of    Directors  shall  determine  and  fix  the 
dues,    fees  and   assessments   of  members  under  this 
class* 

(May  11,   1923,   Annual  Convention,   Chicago) 


-.  .Tv,  ^in/o  per  uiuusana  leet  Jog  scale,  based 

on  the  average  annual  cut  for  the  five  years  prior  to  1922, 
or  such  part  thereof  as  the  member  may  have  operated. 

Class  B. — Fifteen  cents  per  thousand  feet,  flitch  meas- 
urement or  face  measurement  of  veneer,  reduced  to  flitch 
measurement,  based  on  the  average  annual  production  for 
the  five  years  prior  to  1922,  or  such  part  thereof  as  the 
member  may  have  operated. 

Class  C. — Five  cents  per  thousand  feet  log  measure 
based  on  the  average  annual  footage  of  logs  used  for  the 
five  years  prior  to  1922,  or  such  part  thereof  as  the  mem- 
ber may  have  operated. 

Class  D. — Five  cents  per  thousand  feet  log  measure  bas- 
ed on  the  average  annual  footage  of  logs  used  for  the  five 
years  prior  to  1922,  or  such  part  thereof  as  the  member 
may  have  operated. 

9 


ARTICLE  III 
Membership 

Section  1.  Individuals,  firms  or  corporations  who  are 
bona  fide  producing  manufacturers  of  hardwood  lumber  or 
other  hardwood  forest  products  (including  also  such  pro- 
ducers of  cypress  lumber  and  cypress  forest  products)  shall 
be  eligible  to  membership  in  the  Institute.  Every  member 
shall  be  entitled  to  one  vote,  voting  shall  be  in  person,  prox- 
ies shall  not  be  permitted. 

Section  2.  Applications  for  membership  (except  at  the 
initial  organization  meeting)  shall  be  made  to  the  Secretary 
in  writing,  and  be  accompanied  by  the  initiaton  fee.  All 
such  applications  for  membership  shall  be  referred  to  the 
Membership  Committee,  and  if  approved,  shall  be  acted  upon 
by  the  Board  of  Directors  at  its  next  meeting.  A  majority 
vote  of  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  be  sufficient  to  elect  an 
applicant  to  membership. 

Section  3.  Any  member  may  be  suspended  or  expelled 
for  cause,  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  Board  of  Directors  but 
no  member  shall  be  expelled  without  being  given  thirty  days 
written  notice  of  the  charges  preferred  and  an  opportunity 
to  appear  before  the  Board  and  present  his  defense. 

ARTICLE  IV 
Departments 

Section  1.  The  activities  of  the  Institute  may  be  con- 
ducted by  and  through  such  appropriate  departments,  div- 
isions or  bureaus  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  determined 
upon  by  it. 

Section  2.  Until  and  unless  the  Institute  at  a  regular 
meeting  (or  special  meeting  called  for  the  purpose)  acts  in 
the  creation  of  said  departments,  divisions  or  bureaus,  the 
Board  of  Directors  shall  have  full  authority  to  act  in  the 
premises,  in  the  creation  and  setting  up  said  departments, 
divisions  or  bureaus  and  defining  their  duties  and  the  scope 
of  their  activities. 

8 


ARTICLE  V 
Initiation  Fees  and  Dues 

Section  1.  The  initiation  fee  shall  be  $25.00  for  mem- 
bership in  the  Institute,  and  upon  payment  of  same  and 
election  to  membership,  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  issue 
a  Certificate  of  Membership  in  the  Institute;  but  member- 
ship in  the  Institute  chaii  ~~+  i 


i Amendment  to  Section  2,    of  Article  V,   by  the 
ADDITION  of  the   following  paragraph! 

Class  E.     This  class  shall  comprise  all  members 
who  are  not    included  in  the  classes   set  out  in 
the  preceding  paragraphs   of  this   section,   and 
Board  of    Directors  shall  determine  and  fix  the 
dues,    fees  and   assessments   of  members  under  this 


(May  11,  1923,  Annual  Convention,  Chicago) 


uiousana  leet  Jog  scale,~based 
on  the  average  annual  cut  for  the  five  years  prior  to  1922, 
or  such  part  thereof  as  the  member  may  have  operated. 

Class  B. — Fifteen  cents  per  thousand  feet,  flitch  meas- 
urement or  face  measurement  of  veneer,  reduced  to  flitch 
measurement,  based  on  the  average  annual  production  for 
the  five  years  prior  to  1922,  or  such  part  thereof  as  the 
member  may  have  operated. 

Class  C. — Five  cents  per  thousand  feet  log  measure 
based  on  the  average  annual  footage  of  logs  used  for  the 
five  years  prior  to  1922,  or  such  part  thereof  as  the  mem- 
ber may  have  operated. 

Class  D. — Five  cents  per  thousand  feet  log  measure  bas- 
ed on  the  average  annual  footage  of  logs  used  for  the  five 
years  prior  to  1922,  or  such  part  thereof  as  the  member 
may  have  operated. 


ARTICLE  III 
Membership 

Section  1.     Individuals,  firms  or  corporations  who  are 
bona  fide  producing  manufacturers  of  hardwood  lumber  or 
other  hardwood  forest  products  (including  also  such  pro- 
ducers of  cy — nn  i"™irx*r  and  cypress  forest  products)  shall 
be  eligible  t< 
shall  be  enti 
ies  shall  not 

Section 
initial  orgar 
in  writing, 
such  applic; 
Membershij 
by  the  Boa] 
vote  of  the 
applicant  t< 

Sectioi 
for  cause,  1 
no  member 
written  no 
to  appear  1 


ARTICLE  IV 
Departments 

Section  1.  The  activities  of  the  Institute  may  be  con- 
ducted by  and  through  such  appropriate  departments,  div- 
isions or  bureaus  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  determined 
upon  by  it. 

Section  2.  Until  and  unless  the  Institute  at  a  regular 
meeting  (or  special  meeting  called  for  the  purpose)  acts  in 
the  creation  of  said  departments,  divisions  or  bureaus,  the 
Board  of  Directors  shall  have  full  authority  to  act  in  the 
premises,  in  the  creation  and  setting  up  said  departments, 
divisions  or  bureaus  and  defining  their  duties  and  the  scope 
of  their  activities. 


8 


ARTICLE  V 
Initiation  Fees  and  Dues 

Section  1.  The  initiation  fee  shall  be  $25.00  for  mem- 
bership in  the  Institute,  and  upon  payment  of  same  and 
election  to  membership,  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  issue 
a  Certificate  of  Membership  in  the  Institute;  but  member- 
ship in  the  Institute  shall  not  be  assignable  or  transferable. 

Section  2.  For  the  purpose  of  fixing  the  rates  of  dues, 
the  membership  of  the  Institute  shall  be  divided  into  the 
following  classes : 

Class  A. — This  class  shall  comprise  the  manufacturers 
of  hardwood  (  and  Cypress)  lumber. 

Class  B. — This  class  shall  comprise  the  manufacturers 
of  sawn  and  sliced  veneers. 

Class  C. — This  class  shall  comprise  the  manufacturers 
of  Commercial  Rotary  Veneers. 

Class  D. — This  class  shall  comprise  the  manufacturers 
of  other  Hardwood  Forest  Products,  such  as  Box  Shooks, 
Veneer  for  Box  Shooks,  Staves,  Headings,  Ties  and  Dimen- 
sion Stocks. 

Section  3.  For  the  remainder  of  the  present  calendar 
year  the  dues  of  the  said  respective  classes  shall  be  as  fol- 
lows: 

Class  A. — Five  cents  per  thousand  feet  log  scale,  based 
on  the  average  annual  cut  for  the  five  years  prior  to  1922, 
or  such  part  thereof  as  the  member  may  have  operated. 

Class  B. — Fifteen  cents  per  thousand  feet,  flitch  meas- 
urement or  face  measurement  of  veneer,  reduced  to  flitch 
measurement,  based  on  the  average  annual  production  for 
the  five  years  prior  to  1922,  or  such  part  thereof  as  the 
member  may  have  operated. 

Class  C. — Five  cents  per  thousand  feet  log  measure 
based  on  the  average  annual  footage  of  logs  used  for  the 
five  years  prior  to  1922,  or  such  part  thereof  as  the  mem- 
ber may  have  operated. 

Class  D. — Five  cents  per  thousand  feet  log  measure  bas- 
ed on  the  average  annual  footage  of  logs  used  for  the  five 
years  prior  to  1922,  or  such  part  thereof  as  the  member 
may  have  operated. 

9 


In  all  classes  in  case  of  a  member  beginning  operations 
the  fee  shall  be  based  upon  the  estimated  production  of  the 
current  year. 

Provided,  however,  that  the  minimum  dues  for  said 
first  year  per  member,  shall  be  $50.00. 

Said  dues  shall  be  paid  at  such  times  and  in  such  in- 
stallments as  directed  by  the  Board  of  Directors. 

Section  4.  After  the  first  year  the  dues  of  the  mem- 
bers for  the  respective  classes  shall  be  fixed  from  time  to 
time  by  the  Board  of  Directors. 

Section  5.  When  an  assessment  of  dues  is  made,  it  shall 
be  binding  on  all  who  are  memhers  at  the  time  such  assess- 
ment is  levied,  and  any  member  failing  to  pay  same,  or  any 
installment  thereof,  within  thirty  days  after  it  is  due,  will 
be  subject  to  suspension. 

Section  6.  Any  member  who  has  paid  his  dues  and  oth- 
er obligations  in  full  for  the  calendar  year  may  withdraw 
from  the  Institute  by  giving  thirty  days  notice  in  writing 
and  surrendering  his  Membership  Certificate. 

ARTICLE  VI 
Meetings 

Section  1.  There  shall  be  an  Annual  Meeting  for  the 
election  of  officers  and  the  transaction  of  other  business 
each  year;  the  exact  date  and  place  of  such  meeting  shall 
be  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Directors  and  notice  of  such  meet- 
ing shall  be  mailed  to  all  members  of  the  Institute,  at  least 
thirty  days  prior  to  the  holding  thereof. 

A  semi-annual  meeting  for  the  transaction  of  general 
business  may  be  held  each  year,  notice  of  which  shall  be 
given  in  the  same  manner  as  for  the  Annual  Meeting.  Spec- 
ial meetings  of  the  Institute  may  be  called  by  the  President 
or  by  a  majority  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  but  at  least  fif- 
teen days  notice  shall  be  given  of  the  time,  place  and  pur- 
pose for  holding  such  meeting. 

Section  2.  Meetings  of  the  Board  of  Directors  shall 
be  held  at  the  call  of  the  President;  or  a  majority  of  the 
Board  may  call  and  hold  meetings  at  such  times  and  such 
places  as  they  think  fit. 

10 


ARTICLE  VII 
Quorum 

Section  1.  At  any  regular  or  called  meeting  of  the  In- 
stitute, those  attending  being  not  less  than  fifty,  shall  con- 
stitute a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

Section  2.  At  any  regular  or  called  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Directors,  those  attending  being  not  less  than  sev- 
en, shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

Section  3.  At  any  regular  or  called  meeting  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  those  attending  being  not  less  than  five, 
shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

ARTICLE  VIII 
Officers  and  Directors 

Section  1.  The  officers  of  this  Institute  shall  con- 
sist of  a  President,  First  and  Second  Vice  Presidents,  a 
Treasurer,  Secretary-Manager  and  Twenty-one  Directors. 

Section  2.  The  President,  Vice  Presidents,  and  Treas- 
urer shall  be  elected  by  ballot  at  each  Annual  Meeting  for  a 
period  of  one  year. 

Section  3.  At  the  First  Meeting  of  the  Institute  there 
shall  be  elected  twenty-one  Directors,  seven  of  whom  shall 
be  elected  for  a  term  of  three  years,  seven  of  whom  shall  be 
elected  for  a  term  of  two  years,  and  seven  of  whom  shall  be 
elected  for  a  term  of  one  year,  and  at  each  succeeding  An- 
nual Meeting  there  shall  be  elected  seven  Directors  for  a 
period  of  three  years. 

Section  4.  The  Elective  Officers  and  Directors  shall 
constitute  a  Board  of  Directors,  and  shall  hold  office  until 
their  successors  have  been  elected  and  duly  qualified. 

Section  5.  The  President  and  six  of  the  Directors  shall 
constitute  an  Executive  Committee.  The  appointment  to 
the  Executive  Committees  shall  be  made  by  the  President 
at  the  Annual  Meeting,  to  serve  one  year,  and  said  appoint- 
ments shall  be  approved  by  the  Board  of  Directors.  The 
Executive  Committee  shall  have  the  full  power  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  save  at  such  times  as  the  Board  of  Directors 
are  in  session. 

11 


Section  6.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  meet  at  the 
call  of  the  President  as  often  as  the  business  of  the  Institute 
requires. 

Section  7.  The  Secretary-Manager  shall  be  appointed 
and  salary  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Directors  and  be  subject 
to  the  direction  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

Section  8.  The  President  shall  at  each  annual  meeting 
appoint  a  Nominating  Committee  to  prepare  a  ticket  of  Of- 
ficers and  Directors  to  be  voted  upon,  but  nominations  oth- 
er than  those  submitted  by  the  Committee  may  be  made 
from  the  floor.  A  majority  of  all  votes  cast  shall  be  neces- 
sary for  the  election  of  any  candidate  to  office. 

Section  9.  In  the  case  of  vacancies  on  the  Board  of 
Directors  or  in  any  of  the  official  positions,  the  same  shall 
be  filled  by  the  Board  of  Directors  at  any  meeting. 

ARTICLE  IX 
Duties  of  Officers 

Section  1.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  President  to  pre- 
side at  all  meetings  of  the  Institute. 

Section  2.  In  the  absence  of  the  President,  the  First 
Vice  President  and  in  the  absence  of  both,  the  Second  Vice 
President  shall  perform  the  duties  of  the  President. 

Section  3.  The  Treasurer  shall  keep  an  account  of  all 
moneys  received  and  expended  for  the  use  of  the  Institute 
and  shall  make  distribution  only  upon  vouchers  issued  by 
authority  delegated  by  the  Board  of  Directors.  When  his 
term  of  office  expires  he  shall  deliver  to  his  successor  all 
moneys,  books,  papers  or  other  property  in  his  possession 
belonging  to  the  Institute,  or  in  the  absence  of  the  Treasur- 
er-elect, same  shall  be  delivered  to  the  President. 

Section  4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary-Man- 
ager to  give  notice  of  and  attend  all  meetings  of  the  Insti- 
tute and  th*  Board  of  Directors  to  keep  a  list  of  all  mem- 
bers of  the  Institute;  to  collect  all  dues  and  pay  them  to 
the  Treasurer;  to  keep  properly  classified  accounts  of  all 
receipts  and  expenditures;  to  prepare  an  annual  and  semi- 
annual report  of  all  transactions  and  the  condition  of  the 
Institute  and  to  perform  any  and  all  duties  which  may  be 
required  of  him  by  the  Board  of  Directors. 

12 


Section  5.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall  have  power 
to  select  its  chairman;  to  appoint  Committees  from  the 
membership  of  the  Board  or  of  the  Institute;  to  receive 
moneys  and  to  disburse  same,  to  devise  and  to  carry  into 
effect  such  measures  as  they  may  deem  proper  and  expedi- 
ent to  promote  the  objects  of  the  Institute;  and  shall  be 
vested  with  full  powers  of  the  Institute,  save  at  such  times 
as  the  Institute  is  in  session. 

ARTICLE  X 
Amendment  to  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws 

Section  1.  The  Constitution  may  be  amended  at  any 
meeting  of  the  Institute  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  members 
present,  but  no  amendment  shall  be  considered  at  any  such 
meeting  unless  written  notice  of  the  proposed  amendment 
or  changes  shall  have  been  submitted  to  the  membership  at 
least  thirty  days  prior  to  the  date  of  such  meeting,  and  it 
shall  further  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary-Manager  to  incor- 
porate any  proposed  amendments  or  changes  in  the  call  or 
notice  for  the  holding  of  the  said  meeting. 

Section  2.  The  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Institute 
shall  be  authorized  to  make  and  amend  the  By-Laws  of  the 
Institute. 


13 


BY-LAWS 

ARTICLE  I 

Section  1.    The  order  of  business  shall  be  as  follows: 

Roll  Call. 

Reading  of  the  Minutes  of  the  last  meeting. 

Report  of  the  officers. 

Report  of  Committees. 

General  Business. 

Election  of  Officers  (at  annual  meeting.) 

New  Business. 

Adjournment. 

Section  2.  Robert's  Rules  of  Order  shall  govern  the 
meeting  of  the  Institute  and  its  subservant  bodies  as  to  par- 
liamentary usages  when  not  inconsistent  with  the  Consti- 
tution and  By-Laws. 

Section  3.  The  Secretary,  at  any  regular  meeting  shall 
make  a  register  of  all  those  present  entitled  to  vote. 

ARTICLE  II 
Committees 

Section  1.  The  President  shall  annually  appoint  stand- 
ing committees  as  hereinafter  enumerated  for  the  purposes 
as  designated. 

Section  2.  All  standing  or  special  committees  of  this 
Institute  shall  have  full  power  to  act,  subject  to  the  ratifi- 
cation of  the  Board  of  Directors  at  any  meeting  of  same. 

Section  3.  Committee  on  Membership:  To  take  such 
steps  as  are  necessary  to  increase  the  membership  of  the 
Institute ;  to  receive  and  to  pass  upon  the  eligibility  of  those 
making  application  for  membership,  taking  into  considera- 
tion their  status  as  manufacturers  and  their  business  in- 
tegrity and  reputation. 

Section  4.  Committee  on  Assessments:  Consisting  of 
five  members,  who  shall  assess  the  annual  dues  as  provided 
in  Article  V  of  the  Constitution,  with  power  to  have  audited 
the  records  of  the  members  as  to  their  production. 

14 


Section  5.  Committee  on  Advertising:  This  Commit- 
tee  shall  consist  of  five  members  and  shall  co-ordinate  and 
supervise,  subject  to  the  Board  of  Directors,  such  advertis- 
ing as  the  Institute  may  cause  to  be  done. 

Section  6.  Committee  on  Finance:  To  consist  of  three 
members,  who  shall  attend  to  the  auditing  of  the  books  of 
the  Institute  and  handle  such  other  matters  as  should  prop- 
erly come  before  such  a  committee. 

Section  7.  Committee  on  Resolutions:  To  consist  of 
three  members  to  be  appointed  by  the  President  at  each 
meeting  of  the  Institute,  to  which  shall  be  referred  all  mat- 
ters which  should  properly  come  before  such  a  committee. 

Section  8.  Committee  on  Reports  and  Statistics:  To 
work  out  plans  for  the  securing  and  tabulating  of  such  in- 
formation and  statistics  as  will  be  of  interest  and  value  to 
the  membership  and  to  determine  on  the  form  in  which  in- 
formation shall  be  distributed  to  the  public,  with  power  to 
have  audited  the  records  of  the  members  on  which  their  re- 
ports are  based. 

Section  9.  Committee  on  Standardization,  Nomencla- 
ture, Grading  and  Inspection  Rules  and  Inspection  Service: 
To  consist  of  five  members  to  whom  shall  be  referred  and 
who  shall  consider  and  make  recommendations  in  respect  to 
all  subjects  respecting,  Standardization,  Nomenclature, 
Grading  and  Inspection  Rules  and  Inspection  Service,  report- 
ing thereon  to  the  Board  of  Directors. 

Section  10.  Committee  on  Press  and  Publicity:  To 
consist  of  three  members. 

ARTICLE  III 

Section  1.  The  Board  of  Directors  may  in  accordance 
with  Article  X,  Section  2,  of  the  Constitution  amend  these 
By-Laws  and  make  such  additional  By-Laws  and  Rules  for 
the  transaction  of  the  business  of  the  Institute  as  its  devel- 
opment may  require. 


15 


RESOLUTIONS  ADOPTED  BY  THE  HARDWOOD 

MANUFACTURERS'  INSTITUTE,  LOUISVILLE,  KY. 

JUNE  15th  and  16th,  1922. 

The  members  of  The  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Insti- 
tute, duly  assembled  at  the  Henry  Watterson  Hotel,  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  June  15,  16,  17,  1922,  in  open  session  do  unani- 
mously resolve : 

1.  That,  WHEREAS,  at  the  Conference  held  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  May  22nd  to  26th,  1922,  between  the  Secre- 
tary of  Commerce,  Honorable  Herbert  C.  Hoover,  and  dele- 
gates from  the  various  associations  representing  Lumber 
Manufacturers,  Secretary  Hoover  suggested  that  efforts  be 
made  to  the  standard  sizes  and  nomenclature,  determine  on 
a  system  of  grade  branding  lumber,  and  other  means  for 
affording  guarantees  to,  and  for  the  protection  of  the  pub- 
lic the  establishment  of  a  National  Independent  Agency  for 
the  administration  of  inspection  of  all  kinds  of  lumber,  and 

WHEREAS,  delegates  of  the  American  Hardwood 
Manufacturers*  Association  participated  in  the  said  confer- 
ence and  by  vote  and  action  supported  in  every  detail,  the 
suggestions  made  by  the  Secretary  of  Commerce,  and  pledg- 
ed themselves  to  fully  co-operate  in  the  accomplishment  of 
the  program  outlined. 

Therefore,  the  action  and  course  of  conduct  of  the  said 
delegates  in  the  said  Washington  Conference  aforesaid  are 
hereby  approved,  and  the  said  delegates  are  commended 
for  the  efficient  and  patriotic  way  in  which  they  represented 
the  wishes  and  purposes  of  the  hardwood  lumber  manufac- 
turers. 

2.  That  they  endorse  as  a  whole  the  purposes,  work 
and  accomplishments  of  the  said  Washington  Standardiza- 
tion Conference,  and  pledge  the  support  of  the  Institute  in 
carrying  the  program  suggested  by  Secretary  Hoover  to  an 
early  and  successful  conclusion. 

3.  That  they  congratulate  Secretary  Hoover,  and  the 
officers  of  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 
upon  their  vision  and  insight  in  calling  said  conference,  and 

16 


upon  the  remarkable  measure  of  success  attending  the  ses- 
sions of  the  conference  as  a  whole. 

4.  THAT;  In  the  interest  of  the  preservation  of  self 
government  in  industry,  and  of  the  ideals  of  individual  en- 
terprise under  the  law,  we  commit  ourselves  to  make  ef- 
fective, in  conjunction  with  the  other  lumber  producers, 
the  following  program : 

(1.)  Simplification  and  equalization  of  hardwood  lum- 
ber grades,  and  standardization  of  sizes,  so  far  as  consistent 
with  the  reasonable  needs  of  the  hardwood  consumers  and 
with  economy  in  manufacture; 

(2.)  Grade  marking,  as  a  practical  measure  of  protect- 
ion to  the  buyer  and  consumer; 

(3.)  Inspection  service  available  to  producers,  distribu- 
tors and  consumers,  supervised  and  administered  by  a  Na- 
tional Lumber  Inspection. Bureau. 

(4.)  Arbitration  of  such  disputes  as  to  grade,  size  quan- 
tity or  delivery  as  may  not  have  been  satisfactorily 
disposed  of  by  official  re-inspection. 

5.  That  they  favor  the  equalization  and  simplifica- 
tion of  grades  in  all  woods,  and  the  adoption  of  standard 
names,  nomenclature  or  designations  therefor,  and  the  adop- 
tion and  creation  of  means  to  guarantee  to  purchasers  and 
the  public  the  quantity  and  quality  of  lumber  and  to  assure 
the  elimination  of  objectionable  trade  practices  which  have 
heretofore  obtained  in  some  phases  of  merchandising  lum- 
ber. 

.  They  approve  the  action  of  the  Washington  Standardi- 
zation Conference  on  this  subject,  and  recommend  that  the 
Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Institute  appoint  a  committee  on 
standardization  charged  with  the  special  duty  of  co-operat- 
ing with  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association, 
in  dealing  with  the  subjects  pursuant  to  the  action  taken  at 
the  Washington  conference  aforesaid. 

6.  That;  WHEREAS,  it  will  require  sometime  to  cre- 
ate and  adopt  a  national  system  of  standard  nomenclature 
for  hardwood  lumber  and  a  national  system  of  rules  for  the 
grading  and  inspection  thereof;  it  is  recommended  that  in 

17 


the  interim,  and  temporarily,  the  rules  in  use  at  the  present 
by  the  American  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  be 
used  by  the  Institute,  and 

It  is  further  recommended  and  resolved  that  the  In- 
spection service  of  the  Hardwood  Manufacturers*  Institute 
be  used  by  all  needing  inspection  service. 

AND  THAT,  until  otherwise  directed  the  services  of 
this  Institute  shall  be  available  upon  the  following  terms 
and  conditions: 

a.  The  Inspection  service  to  be  available  to  every 
one  whether  they  are  members  of  this  organization  or 
not  at  such  reasonable  cost  as  may  be  fixed  by  the 
Board  of  Directors. 

b.  In  case  the  dispute  between  buyer  and  seller  con- 
cerns only  the  grade  and  not  the  measurement  of  lum- 
ber shipped,  the  buyer  should  be  required  to  only  hold 
intact  that  portion  of  the  shipment  which  in  his  judg- 
ment does  not  comply  with  specifications  of  the  grade 
for  which  it  was  sold. 

c.  In  the  event  either  party  to  a  re-inspection  is  not 
satisfied  with  the  finding  of  the  inspector,  the  right  of 
appeal  within  five  days  of  such  finding  is  extended  to 
either  of  the  interested  parties,  and  a  second  inspection 
shall  be  made  by  the  chief  inspector. 

d.  When  an  inspection  by  the  chief  inspector  is  re- 
quested by  a  consumer  (in  this  class  is  included  all 
manufacturers,  fabricators  and  retailers)  the  national 
association  representing  the  industry  to  which  such 
consumer  belongs  is  invited  to  select  a  thoroughly  com- 
petent inspector  to  be  present  when  the  inspection  is 
made  by  the  chief  inspector,  so  that  all  members  of  the 
industry  involved  may  be  satisfied  that  the  inspection 
has  been  fairly  and  properly  administered. 

7.  That  they  are  in  complete  accord  with  the  views 
of  the  Washington  Conference  aforesaid  as  embodied  in  the 
following  resolution: 

"RESOLVED,  That  the  formulation  of  rules  for  the 
grading  and  inspection  of  lumber  is  a  function  of  the  manu- 
facturers and  that  grade  rules  should  be  based  on  the  needs 

18 


of  consumption  and  the  ability  of  the  producers  with  the 
timber  available  to  satisfy  those  needs,  and  that  grades 
should  be  so  made  as  to  allocate  the  available  supply  to  the 
various  consuming  industries  in  proportion  to  their  needs 
and  demands  so  that  the  products  of  the  manufacturers  may 
be  utilized  with  the  least  waste,  and  therefore,  at  the  lowest 
cost  to  the  ultimate  consumer." 

8.  That  in  respect  to  hardwood  lumber  there  is  real 
need,  for  a  revision,  reformation  and  re-formation  of  the 
rules  for  the  grading  and  inspection  of  hardwood  lumber  for 
the  reasons  that: 

(1.)  Each  grade  of  lumber  that  is  made  should 
have  for  its  purpose  the  answering  of  some  particular 
consuming  or  fabrication  requirement  and  should  be 
constructed  in  line  with  these  needs  as  closely  as  possi- 
ble and  as  nearly  as  can  be  done  consistently  with  the 
timber  that  is  available  and  economical  production 
methods. 

(2.)  Admittedly,  hardwood  lumber  manufacturers 
would  be  unable  at  once  to  draft  specifications  that 
would  properly  conform  with  the  principles  herein  set 
forth,  on  account  of  the  vast  number  of  different  woods 
involved  and  the  many  different  uses  to  which  they  are 
put.  This  is  a  problem  that  can  only  be  worked  out 
properly  after  thorough  scientific  research,  and  largely 
constitutes  an  engineering  problem.  It  is  recommend- 
ed that  a  competent  forestry  products  engineer  be  em- 
ployed by  this  Association  to  make  an  exhaustive  study 
of  this  problem,  taking  up  each  wood  separately  and 
submitting  at  a  later  date,  suggestions  for  the  proper 
construction  of  the  grades,  based  on  consuming  require- 
ments and  in  conformity  with  the  manufacturing  capa- 
bilities of  the  producer. 

(3.)  The  hearty  co-operation  of  the  consumer  is  es- 
sential to  the  success  of  this  plan  and  it  is  suggested 
that  each  National  Organization  representing  the  vari- 
ous branches  of  consuming  or  fabricating  industries 
using  hardwoods  employ  competent  engineers  to  consid- 
er the  subject  from  their  standpoint  and  to  confer  with 
the  engineer  of  this  Institute  relative  to  their  particular 

19 


needs,  resulting,  it  is  believed,  in  the  eventual  complete 
agreement  between  the  producer  and  the  consumer  and 
the  elimination  of  much  of  the  waste  that  now  occurs 
in  the  utilization  of  hardwood  lumber. 

9.  THAT  they  condemn; 

All  grade  jugglery  and  manipulation,  whether  prac- 
ticed by  the  producer,  wholesaler,  retailer,  or  any  other 
branch  of  the  industry,  is  condemned  and  this  Institute 
brands  the  intentional  shipment  of  lumber  of  a  quality  be- 
low the  grade  specified  as  plain  dishonesty.  It  pledges  itself 
to  endeavor  to  eliminate  all  such  practices,  to  expel  from  this 
membership  anyone  who  may  be  found  guilty  of  such  prac- 
tices and  to  use  its  weight  and  influence  not  only  in  the  pre- 
vention but  also  in  the  punishment  of  such  offenses. 

10.  THAT  they  believe ; 

All  lumber  should  be  plainly  grade  marked.  Each 
piece  that  is  shipped  should  bear  the  mill  grade  mark  and 
everything  possible  should  be  done  to  protect  the  public  and 
to  place  the  products  of  the  mill  in  the  hands  of  the  ultimate 
consumer  without  grade  substitution  or  manipulation. 

11.  They  favor  the  adoption  of  a  sales  code  that  will 
place  the  industry  on  a  high  moral  plane  making  clear  the 
obligations  of  buyer  and  seller  and  the  Institute  solicits  the 
concurrence  in  such  sales  code  by  the  national  organization 
representing  the  various  branches  of  consumers  using  hard- 
woods. 

12.  That  this  Institute  pledges  itself  to  insist  upon  its 
individual  members  carrying  out  their  commercial  obliga- 
tions and  appeals  to  the  national  associations  representing 
those  industries  using  its  products  to  co-operate  with  it  in 
this  matter  with  a  view  of  placing  the  contractual  relations 
between  the  producer  and  consumer  on  a  basis  that  shall  be 
above  criticism. 

13.  That  they  favor  the  settlement  of  disputes  arising 
between  its  members  and  the  users  of  its  products  by  arbi- 
tration.   The  support  of  all  national  associations  represent- 
ing the  users  of  hardwoods,  to  this  principle  of  arbitration 
is  solicited  and  it  is  recommended  that  commercial  disputes 

20 


arising  between  members  of  various  industries  be  settled 
by  arbitration,  according  to  such  plans  as  may  be  decided  up- 
on by  all  associations  involved,  to  be  fair  and  equitable. 

14.  THAT  they  favor; 

The  establishment  of  a  technical  department  in 
charge  of  a  competent  engineer  for  the  purpose  of  supply- 
ing to  the  consuming  public  such  reliable  information  as 
may  be  of  assistance  to  it  in  determining  the  relative  value 
of  various  woods  for  specific  purposes  or  of  wood  as  com- 
pared with  other  materials.  This  department  also  to  be 
used  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  on  such  research  work  as 
may  be  necessary  or  desirable  to  promote  the  elimination  of 
waste  and  develop  more  economical  and  efficient  uses  of 
lumber. 

15.  THAT  they  recommend; 

The  collection  and  dissemination  of  such  statistics  as 
will  be  beneficial  to  all  branches  of  the  industry  and  to  the 
public  and  as  may  be  determined  to  be  in  accordance  with 
the  law. 

16.  THAT  they  believe; 

Much  good  can  be  derived  for  all  concerned  through 
a  closer  contact  and  co-operation  between  the  producer  and 
the  consumer  and  suggests  the  appointment  of  a  commit- 
tee by  the  various  national  associations  representing  the 
users  of  hardwoods,  with  which  committee  a  like  committee 
from  this  organization  can  confer  regarding  questions  that 
are  of  mutual  interest  to  the  end  that  the  manufacturing 
practices  of  the  producer  be  made  to  conform  as  closely  as 
possible  with  the  needs  of  the  public  and  to  enable  the  in- 
dustry to  provide  the  maximum  service  at  the  lowest  possi- 
ble cost. 

17.  THAT  this  Institute  at  once  apply  for  member- 
ship in  and  fully  affiliate  with  the  National  Lumber  Man- 
ufacturers' Association. 


21 


ADDRESS  OF  C.  H.  SHERRILL  IN  ACCEPTING  OFFICE 

OF  TEMPORARY  CHAIRMAN  AT  MANUFACTURERS' 

MEETING,  LOUISVILLE,  KENTUCKY, 

JUNE  15th,  1922. 

I  assure  you  that  I  appreciate  this  honor  very  deeply. 
I  do  not  know  how  to  express  it  other  than  to  use  the  fol- 
lowing words:  From  the  depth  of  my  heart  my  mouth 
speaketh.  To  have  the  endorsement  of  my  fellow  workers, 
those  with  whom  I  break  bread  at  the  table  of  industry  in 
which  I  am  interested  is  worth  far  more  to  me  than  to  be 
crowned  with  the  jeweled  crown  of  public  service. 

We  have  gone  through  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  un- 
certainty and  distress  during  the  past  several  months  and 
we  have  stood  shoulder  to  shoulder  to  meet  the  issues 
which  were  unpleasant,  and  unprofitable  to  us  from  a  finan- 
cial standpoint;  but  we  have  come  through  those  periods  of 
distress  and  uncertainty  to  an  era  which  today  I  think 
points  to  a  consumation  second  to  none  that  has  ever  come  to 
the  lumber  industry  of  the  United  States. 

It  is  needless  to  say  that  I  tremble  as  I  approach  the 
responsibility  that  goes  with  this  position  in  which  you  have 
placed  me  because  in  a  measure  it  is  expected  from  a  Tem- 
porary Chairman  that  he  shall  offer  some  remarks  dealing 
with  principles  that  may  or  may  not  be  endorsed  and  it  is 
not  without  fear  and  trembling  that  I  offer  my  own  express- 
ions because  I  am  democratic  enough  in  principles  to  accept 
the  edict  of  the  majority  of  those  with  whom  I  labor. 

But  I  believe  that  you  endorse  the  principles  which  I 
am  going  to  give  you  in  just  a  few  brief  words,  that  the 
hour  has  arrived  in  the  lumber  industry  in  this  country  when 
we  have  to  recognize  the  fact  that  we  must  build  on  the 
principle  of  equal  rights  to  all  the  special  privileges  to  none. 
I  think  I  express  your  sentiments  in  those  words  and  I  be- 
lieve they  will  have  the  unanimous  endorsement  of  this 
body,  because  from  these  conferences  will  come  a  true  his- 
tory of  the  state  of  affairs  that  reflect  to  us  as  never  re- 
flected before  the  undeveloped  thought  that  has  been  ne- 
glected in  the  hardwood  industry  during  the  years  that  have 
gone  by. 

22 


I  do  not  believe  you  will  challenge  the  statement  when 
I  say  that  the  hardwood  industry  stands  out  prominently 
as  the  one  factor  in  the  industrial  world  of  this  country 
which  has  made  the  least  progress.  We  are  today  making 
hardwood  lumber  just  exactly  as  it  was  made  one  hundred 
years  ago.  There  are  a  few  improvements  in  the  methods  of 
transportation  of  the  logs  to  the  mill  but  the  same  principles 
are  there  that  carry  it  through  the  saw,  out  into  the  yard, 
to  the  railroad  car  and  off  to  the  ultimate  consumer.  That 
is  not  true  of  any  other  branch  of  the  lumber  industry,  the 
yellow  pine,  fir,  cedar,  cypress  or  white  pine.  We  are  bound 
to  acknowledge  that  they  have  accomplished  far  more  than 
we  have,  notwithstanding  the  statements  of  some  of  the 
most  eminent  men  in  the  industry  to  the  contrary.  The 
time  is  at  hand  when  we  must  recognize  the  fact  that  the 
hour  for  progress  is  here  and  that  a  step  forward  must  be 
made.  I  hail  with  delight  the  great  thought  that  came  as 
an  inspiration  from  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  when  he 
caught  the  vision  that  it  was  necessary  for  the  United 
States  Government  through  one  of  its  department  heads  to 
tell  the  lumber  industry  of  the  country  that  they  must  come 
and  sit  at  his  table  and  listen  to  what  he  was  giving  to  the 
world. 

I  was  fortunate  to  be  asked  as  a  representative  of  the 
American  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  to  that 
conference  and  I  must  acknowledge  that  the  great  vision  I 
got  in  the  few  moments  of  the  early  part  of  that  pro- 
gram revealing  to  me  the  surety  and  certainty  and  the  ab- 
solute soundness  of  my  thoughts  on  the  same  subject  years 
ago,  and  that  I  have  expressed  wherever  I  could,  that  we 
have  failed  in  the  past  to  take  into  account  the  great  public 
which  must  be  protected  by  our  Federal  authorities.  We 
have  all  along  neglected  that  great  factor.  We  have  only 
considered  from  a  selfish  standpoint  the  quickest  way  to  get 
the  money  and  the  results.  We  have  lost  sight  of  the  great 
consuming  public  and  today  we  are  confronted  in  my  opin- 
ion with  the  great  thought  that  I  expressed  a  moment  ago, 
that  it  is  the  business  of  the  United  States  Government  to 
protect  its  people  and  I  believe  I  express  the  sentiments  of 
every  hardwood  manufacturer  in  the  United  States  when  he 


23 


is  in  sober  thought  and  free  from  petty  prejudices  when 
I  say  that  I  hail  with  delight  the  great  principle  before  us 
and  that  we  should  adopt  the  great  constructive  program 
set  up  by  Secretary  Hoover  in  the  great  Washington  con- 
ference of  May  22nd. 

It  seems  to  me  that  it  is  not  allocated  to  your  Tem- 
porary Chairman  the  duty  and  necessity  of  covering  the  en- 
tire field  for  thought  and  consideration  during  the  confer- 
ence, but  I  believe  we  should  be  impressed  with  these 
thoughts  at  the  beginning,  namely:  that  we  have  two  prin- 
ciples that  we  must  not  overlook  and  that  both  must  stand 
out  boldly  in  all  of  our  considerations.  One  is  that  there 
must  be  a  standardization  of  name,  quality  and  sizes  of  all 
lumber  produced  in  the  United  States  to  the  fullest  extent 
possible.  And  the  other  thought  is  that  this  service  must  be 
given  to  the  public  on  the  same  basis  that  it  is  given  to  the 
members  of  the  association.  I  am  glad  that  the  Department 
of  Commerce  at  Washington  has  taken  up  this  standardiza- 
tion program  and  I  want  to  apologize  for  the  fact  that  our 
organization  in  the  past  has  not  cooperated  with  that  great 
branch  of  the  Government  as  we  should  have,  for  we  have 
lately  seen  the  influence  that  can  be  exerted  through  the 
head  of  that  Department. 

If  you  will  grant  me  the  privilege  of  reading  one  or  two 
paragraphs  which  doubtless  many  of  you  have  read  before 
I  shall  be  pleased  to  do  so.  The  first  one  thus  states : 

"The  hope  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  in  calling 
this  preliminary  conference  was  provision  of  a  system 
throughout  the  country  for  inspection  and  guaranty  of 
the  quality,  quantity  and  grade  of  lumber  with  a  view 
to  affording  all  possible  protection  to  the  consuming 
public ;  that  ways  would  be  found  to  simplify  the  dimen- 
sions of  lumber *and  secure  the  right  proportion  of  lum- 
ber to  different  types  of  consumers  with  a  view  to 
eliminate  waste,  decreasing  cost  of  distribution,  and  to 
see  that  agencies  for  accomplishing  these  purposes 
should  be  set  up  by  the  lumber  industry  itself. 

"The  Secretary  of  Commerce  proposed  that  a  nation- 
al system  of  inspection  and  certification  should  be  cre- 
ated by  the  industry  to  embrace  all  of  the  lumber  trade ; 

24 


that  descriptions  of  the  different  species  of  lumber  as 
to  grade  and  quality  should  be  made  as  uniform  as  pos- 
sible throughout  the  country;  that  the  inspection  ser- 
vice should  be  open  to  consumers  in  settlement  of  all 
disputes ;  and  that,  in  order  to  better  establish  the  rep- 
utation of  American  lumber  products  abroad,  this  sys- 
tem of  inspection  and  certification  should  be  extended 
to  foreign  countries." 

In  the  early  sitting  of  this  Conference  at  Washington, 
sitting  on  the  Committee  on  Names  of  Grades,  I  had  the 
honor  and  it  was  my  pleasure  to  introduce  the  following 
which  was  embodied  in  the  Committee's  report: 

"Realizing  the  great  field  for  thought  in  developing  an 
equality  of  grades  in  all  woods  and  appreciating  the  possi- 
bility of  such  accomplishment,  we  recommend  that  the  Na- 
tional Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association  set  up  a  compet- 
ent committee  with  efficient  engineering  service,  seeking  in 
so  far  as  possible  to  equalize  grades  in  all  woods  and  that 
said  committee  confer  with  representatives  of  the  consum- 
ing public,  the  Departments  of  Commerce  and  Agriculture 
and  other  agencies  of  the  Government  in  their  efforts  as 
the  occasion  may  demand." 

The  Committee  on  Guarantees  of  Quantity  and  Quality 
passed  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved :  That  the  formulation  of  rules  for  the  grad- 
ing and  inspection  of  lumber  is  a  function  of  the  man- 
ufacturers and  that  grade  rules  should  be  based  on  the 
needs  of  consumption  and  the  ability  of  the  producers 
with  the  timber  available  to  satisfy  those  needs,  and 
that  grades  should  be  so  made  as  to  allocate  the  avail- 
able supply  to  the  various  consuming  industries  in  pro- 
portion to  their  needs  and  demands  so  that  the  products 
of  the  manufacturers  may  be  utilized  with  the  least 
waste  and,  therefore,  at  the  lowest  cost  to  the  ultimate 
consumer. 

But  concretely  speaking,  this  whole  program  is  only  a 
furtherance  of  the  great  thought  expressed  by  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  handed  to  us  generations  and  genera- 
tions ago,  growing  sweeter  and  dearer  to  us  as  the  days 
come  and  go,  and  I  repeat  a  statement  I  made  a  moment  ago, 

25 


that  we  must  have  equal  rights  to  all  and  special  privileges 
to  none. 

In  closing  let  me  urge  that  we  be  big  enough  and  broad 
enough  to  let  the  dead  past,  bury  its  dead,  and  grasp  new 
thoughts  in  keeping  with  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
The  big  idea  is  to  forget  petty  differences,  go  into  these  de- 
liberations with  only  constructive  thoughts  and  criticism 
and  forget  everything  that  may  have  ought  of  destructive 
nature  connected  with  it.  This  is  no  time  to  consider  the 
bickerings  of  the  past.  This  is  no  time  to  consider  little 
petty  jealousies.  Let  us  present  one  common  solid  front, 
standing  by  the  thought  as  expressed  in  the  Standardization 
Conference  in  Washington  on  May  22,  and  continue  to  pre- 
sent that  front,  and  that  when  the  time  comes  for  the  meet- 
ing for  the  setting  up  of  the  standard  grades  and  guaranty 
to  the  public  we  shall  be  enrolled  among  the  mighty,  and 
that  we  will  not  only  be  there  with  our  brains  and  best  con- 
structive effort  but  that  we  shall  be  there  in  sufficient  num- 
ber to  be  recognized  as  proper  representatives  of  the  Am- 
erican Hardwood  Manufacturers  of  our  country. 


26 


REPORT  OF  B.  F.  DULWEBER  ON  STANDARDIZATION 

CONFERENCE,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

MAY  22  TO  26,  1922. 

There  has  been  gradual  betterment  of  conditions  for 
the  hardwood  saw  mill  operator  but  this  improvement  has 
been  pitably  slow.  We  have  been  in  bondage.  We  have 
been  unable  to  accomplish  for  ourselves  or  for  those  who  use 
our  products  what  we  would  like.  At  last,  thanks  to  the  full 
awakening  of  the  industry,  the  realization  to  our  plight  by 
our  fellow  manufacturers  of  other  kinds  of  lumber  and  the 
honest  and  sincere  co-operation,  that  I  am  sure  will  result 
from  this  meeting,  the  day  of  our  deilverance  is  at  hand. 

I  am  on  the  program  as  submitting  a  report  on  behalf 
of  the  committee  representing  Hardwood  Lumber  Manu- 
facturers at  the  Conference  of  the  Lumber  interests  with 
Secretary  of  Commerce,  Hoover,  in  Washington,  May  22nd 
to  26th.  I  am  so  impressed  with  the  glorious  opportunities 
that  are  before  us  as  a  result  of  this  Conference  and  the 
great  constructive  development  that  I  am  sure  will  accrue 
therefrom,  that  I  hardly  know  where  to  begin  and  it  is  with 
difficulty  that  I  give  voice  to  my  thoughts.  The  conference 
while  preliminary  in  character,  constitutes  the  greatest  con- 
structive step  that  has  ever  been  taken  in  the  industry  and 
the  ultimate  outcome  will  be  greater  stability  in  our  own 
business  and  better  service  and  lower  costs  to  the  consumer 
and  the  public.  This  will  not  be  accomplished  in  a  day  but 
its  coming  is  as  certain  as  death  and  taxes,  and  it  can  best 
be  speeded  on  its  way  by  every  one  putting  his  shoulder  to 
the  wheel  and  pushing  for  all  he  is  worth. 

There  are  little  details  that  require  adjusting  in  the 
other  lines  of  lumber  manufacture,  but  these  are  insignifi- 
cant in  character  and  while  there  still  exists  some  slight  dif- 
ference of  opinion  on  certain  questions,  I  predict  that  before 
we  have  proceeded  far,  these  differences  will  be  completely 
harmonized.  While  this  conference  will  result  in  much  good 
to  other  branches  of  lumber  manufacture,  to  hardwoods  it 
is  as  a  gift  from  Heaven  and  through  its  medium  for  the 
first  time  we  will  have  real  standardization. 

27 


Secretary  Hoover  expressed  the  belief  that  the  indus- 
try including  all  kinds  of  lumber  should  strive  for 

1.  The  construction  of  grades  and  specification  to 
best  serve  the  public  and  standardization  of  nomencla- 
ture as  nearly  as  possible. 

2.  The  grade  branding  of  lumber  at  the  mill  and 
guarantees  to  the  public  that  it  will  obtain  the  grade 
that  it  buys. 

3.  The  simplification  and  standardization  of  sizes 
as  will  make  for  greater  economy  in  transportation, 
production,  distribution,  etc. 

Mr.  Hoover  also  expressed  the  view  that  there  should 
be  created  by  the  industry,  itself,  a  national  instrumental- 
ity of  an  entirely  independent  character  that  would  be  free 
from  suspicion  and  enjoy  the  confidence  of  the  public  for 
the  administration  of  inspection  rules  on  all  kinds  of  lum- 
ber, in  cases  of  disputes  between  buyer  and  seller;  the  ser- 
vice of  this  organization  to  extend  to  foreign  markets. 

Your  committee  voted  in  favor  of  all  of  these  proposi- 
tions and  they  met  with  the  almost  unanimous  approval  of 
the  delegates  in  attendance. 

The  opinion  prevails  that  unless  the  industry  itself 
brings  about  a  betterment  of  conditions,  that  governmental 
control  and  regulations  was  the  alternative. 

This  view  is  absolutely  correct,  but  I  think  it  is  agreed 
that  such  intervention  would  be  ill  advised  and  would  not 
accomplish  the  same  beneficial  results  which  we,  ourselves, 
are  capable  of  bringing  about. 

I  am  not  appealing  to  you,  my  friends,  however,  to 
join  in  and  support  this  movement  because  of  fear  of  gov- 
ernmental intervention,  for  to  my  mind,  "he  who  refrains 
from  crime  because  of  the  fear  of  punishment,  is  no  bet- 
ter than  the  criminal,  himself."  I  am  appealing  to  you  to 
join  in  this  great  forward  movement  because  it  is  right, 
and  being  right,  it  must  eventually  result  to  the  material 
good  and  profit  of  yourselves  and  of  those  you  are  seeking 
to  serve. 

That  the  specifications  covering  the  inspection  rules 
of  hardwood  are  inadequate  and  are  not  scientifically  con- 
structed has  long  been  realized  by  everyone  who  had  given 

28 


the  subject  serious  thought.  In  the  beginning  hardwoods 
were  used  almost  exclusively  by  furniture  manufacturers 
and  this  class  of  manufacturers  at  that  time  instead  of 
specializing  in  the  manufacture  of  certain  articles  produced 
a  large  variety  of  different  pieces  of  furniture  so  that  a 
great  variety  of  sizes  of  cuttings  and  different  qualities 
could  be  utilized. 

It  must  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  at  that  time  the 
price  of  hardwood  was  materially  lower  than  it  is  today  and 
that  the  average  quality  was  very  much  higher,  so  that  the 
question  of  waste  and  economical  utilization  was  not  the  im- 
portant problem  that  it  has  since  become.  The  result  was 
that  at  that  time  practically  all  hardwood  was  sold  log  run. 
After  a  time  it  became  evident  that  the  term  "Log  Run" 
meant  nothing  and  that  there  was  a  wide  difference  in  the 
intrinsic  value  of  different  lots  of  log  run  lumber  and  for 
the  purposes  purely  of  having  some  measure  by  which  the 
value  of  the  log  run  product  could  be  determined,  hardwood 
inspection  rules  were  originally  devised.  Even  after  the  ad- 
vent of  these  rules,  the  consumers  continued  buying  the 
full  product  of  the  log,  but  instead  of  buying  it  at  a  fixed 
average  price,  it  was  bought  at  different  prices  for  the  var- 
ious grades  which  had  been  fixed  by  the  inspection  rules 
adopted. 

Today  the  situation  as  regards  consumption  of  hard- 
wood is  entirely  different  and  the  same  vehicle  that  may 
have  satisfactorily  met  the  situation  in  the  beginning,  is  at 
this  time  wholly  inadequate.  The  price  of  hardwoods  due  to 
the  greatly  diminished  supply  of  timber  is  very  materially 
higher  and  for  the  same  cause  the  average  quality  is  lower. 
On  the  side  of  consumption,  we  find  the  furniture  manufac- 
turer specializing  in  the  production  of  certain  articles  of 
furniture  instead  of  manufacturing  general  lines,  thus  re- 
stricting the  character  of  lumber  that  can  be  advantageous- 
ly used  in  the  various  individual  plants.  In  addition,  we  find 
entirely  new  uses  for  hardwoods  such  as  hardwood  flooring, 
interior  trim,  automobile  bodies,  etc.,  each  presenting  its 
own  peculiar  problem. 

It  will  be  seen  therefore,  that  the  inspection  rules  for 
hardwoods  originally  came  into  existence,  not  for  the  pur- 

29 


pose  of  creating  grades  that  could  be  most  advantageously 
used  for  certain  manufacturing  needs,  but  constituted  pure- 
ly an  arbitrary  basis,  having  for  its  purpose  the  determina- 
tion of  the  average  value  of  the  log  run  product ;  and  despite 
the  growth  of  the  hardwood  industry  and  the  greater  var- 
iety of  uses  to  which  hardwoods  are  now  put,  we  have  con- 
tinued to  do  business  on  this  antiquated,  costly  and  wasteful 
basis  of  grading. 

The  lack  of  development  in  this  important  feature  of 
our  business  I  feel  is  due  to  the  following  causes: — 

1.  We  have  lacked  effective  organization  of  the 
hardwood  manufacturers.     We  have  had  at  different 
times  sectional  organizations  of  manufacturers  that 
have  accomplished  much  good  but  we  have  never  had  all 
hardwood  manufacturers  from  all  parts  of  the  country 
united  into  one  body  and  all  working  together  for  the 
development  and  welfare  of  the  industry. 

2.  Because  of  lack  of  co-operation  on  the  part  of 
the  manufacturer,  the  unscrupulous  intermediate  deal- 
er has  been  able  to  inject  himself  into  the  situation  and 
largely  through  his  efforts  the  present  unscientific 
basis  of  lumber  inspection  has  been  continued,  his  in- 
terest in  the  matter  being  the  profits  derived  through 
grade  manipulation  and  substitution  which  this  sys- 
tem encourages  and  makes  possible. 

3.  The  lack  of  interest  on  the  part  of  the  consumer. 
It  is  surprising  what  little  thought  the  average  con- 
sumer has  given  to  lumber.  Most  manufacturing  plants 
using  lumber  also  use  other  materials  and  we  find  them 
employing  consulting  chemists,  engineers  and  seeking 
other  competent  advice  as  regards  other  material  en- 
tering into  their  work,  but  practically  no  thought  has 
been  given  to  lumber  and  the  tremendous  waste  that 
has  resulted  in  its  utilization  has  been  looked  upon  as 
a  necessary  unavoidable  evil.    Only  one  consuming  in- 
dustry, the  wagon  and  implement  business,  has  given 
any  thought  to  this  important  subject  and  has  grades 
covering  their  consumption — such  as  box  boards  for  in- 
stance— that  are  truly  scientific  and  that  reduce  waste 
and  utilization  cost  to  the  minimum. 

30 


That  the  present  hardwood  rules  are  wholly  inadequate 
and  wasteful  in  the  extreme,  is  an  opinion  that  is  shared  by 
competent  engineers  and  experts  who  have  had  occasion  to 
study  the  problem.  This  seems  clear  from  a  passage  which 
I  encountered  only  a  few  days  ago  in  a  pamphlet  on  "Wood 
Waste  Problems"  issued  by  the  Forest  Products  Laboratory 
at  Madison,  Wisconsin,  and  written  by  Arthur  T.  Upson. — 
This  passage  reads  as  follows: 

"These  rules  are  in  most  instances  the  outgrowth  of 
early  conditions  when  the  use  of  lumber  was  not  re- 
fined as  it  is  today.  The  result  is  that  the  lumber  grades 
not  only  do  not  fully  meet  the  requirements  of  use  in 
most  cases,  but  they  are  so  complex  and  misleading  that 
the  average  consumer  has  no  assurance  that  he  is  get- 
ting material  best  suited  for  his  needs." 

We  must  not  delude  ourselves  in  the  belief  that  waste 
and  cost  in  the  utilization  of  our  product  is  no  concern  of 
ours.  I  am  sure  that  every  thinking  man  realizes  that  every 
dollar's  worth  of  unnecessary  waste  or  cost  in  utilization 
is  a  direct  tax  on  this  industry  and  never  was  it  so  impor- 
tant as  now  that  such  unnecessary  waste  and  cost  be  elimi- 
nated. The  competition  from  now  on,  with  metals,  fiber 
products  and  other  wood  substitutes  will  be  extremely  keen 
and  we  can  not  carry  the  handicap  of  excessive  cost  of  utili- 
zation and  successfully  meet  this  competition. 

Now  the  question  arises,  how  are  we  to  construct  such 
a  set  of  rules  as  will  enable  our  product  to  better  meet  the 
needs  of  the  consumer  and  minimize  waste  and  cost  utiliza- 
tion ?  Broadly  speaking,  every  grade  of  lumber  that  is  made 
should  have  for  its  purpose  the  meeting  of  some  particular 
manufacturing  need  as  closely  as  it  is  possible  and  in  con- 
formity with  the  timber  that  is  available  and  economical 
production  practices.  The  question  then  arises,  how  is  this 
to  be  done? 

I  have  for  several  years  served  as  Chairman  of  the  In- 
spection Rules  Committee  of  the  American  Hardwood  Man- 
ufacturers' Association  and  I  yield  to  no  man  in  the  know- 
ledge of  inspection  rules,  either  in  their  written  specifica- 
tions or  in  their  actual  application,  nor  in  the  practical  uses 
to  which  our  product  is  put,  but  I  do  not  mind  admitting  to 

31 


you  frankly  that  I  am  wholly  incapable  of,  within  anything 
like  a  reasonable  time,  suggesting  specifications  that  will 
properly  meet  this  situation.  Nor  could  any  committee  that 
you  might  select  satisfactorily  accomplish  this  work. 

The  only  way  in  which  this  problem  can  properly  be 
solved  is  to  employ  competent  engineers  to  make  a  careful 
study  and  survey  of  the  situation,  taking  into  account  the 
different  uses  to  which  our  product  is  put  and  the  natural 
restrictions  under  which  we  are  laboring,  the  character  of 
timber  we  have  available  and  our  manufacturing  limitations. 
The  interest  of  the  consumer  should  be  developed  and  they 
should  be  asked  to  assist  our  engineers  in  working  out  this 
problem.  Each  wood  should  be  considered  separately  and 
the  work  could  be  very  advantageously  carried  on  in  con- 
junction with  the  Forest  Service  which  has  already  col- 
lected considerable  data  that  would  be  of  great  value  to  us. 

When  all  of  this  data  had  been  collected,  specifications 
could  then  be  provided  that  would  meet  the  different  con- 
suming needs  as  closely  as  possible.  It  is  the  elimination 
of  waste  and  the  reduction  of  cost  that  I  am  sure  Mr.  Hoov- 
er primarily  has  in  mind  and  the  accomplishment  of  these  de- 
sired ends  would  be  of  material  benefit  to  the  producer, 
consumer  and  the  public. 

The  grade  branding  of  lumber  at  the  mill  and  proper 
guarantees  to  the  public  are  matters  of  extreme  importance. 
This  industry  has  suffered  untold  injury  through  grade  jug- 
glery and  manipulation  and  we  should  stand  unitedly  for  the 
elimination  of  such  practices;  and  the  grades  of  hardwoods 
should  be  so  standardized  and  thoroughly  established  that 
when  a  man  exchanges  his  money  for  our  product  he  would 
know  absolutely  that  he  was  getting  100  cents  on  the  dollar. 

This  is  a  doctrine  that  we  must  not  only  preach  but 
must  live  and  practice,  and  I  want  to  say  to  you  that  if  there 
is  a  single  mill  operator  present  who  does  not  believe  that 
this  is  the  right  principle  and  who  has  not  firmly  resolved  in 
his  own  heart  to  deal  honestly  and  fairly  with  the  public 
and  to  ship  lumber  exactly  according  to  specifications  of  the 
grades  that  may  be  devised,  then  I  say  to  that  man:  Do  not 
come  into  this  organization.  If  there  be  such  a  man,  the  day 
will  come  when  he  will  realize  that  this  is  the  correct  and 

32 


proper  way  to  do  business  and,  aside  from  the  moral  ques- 
tion involved,  will  ultimately  pay  bigger  dividends ;  and  when 
that  day  of  realization  does  come  to  him,  he  will  find  the 
hand-clasp  of  welcome  extended  to  him  and  we  want  him 
to  be  one  of  us. 

Mr.  Hoover's  other  suggestion,  involving  the  creation 
of  some  national  instrumentality  of  an  independent  charac- 
ter for  the  administration  of  inspection  rules  on  all  kinds 
of  lumber  is  a  splendid  one  and  should  have  the  unqualified 
support  of  this  meeting.  Such  an  instrumentality  could  func- 
tion, perhaps,  through  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers' 
Association  and  its  service  could  be  extended  to  foreign 
countries  with  the  result  of  great  stabilization  in  these  mar- 
kets and  the  creation  of  a  confidence  on  the  part  of  the  for- 
eign buyer  that  has  been  previously  sorely  lacking  in  Am- 
erican industry. 

In  conclusion  I  want  to  say  a  few  words  regarding  a 
matter  that  is  to  me  a  most  deplorable  development.  There 
exists  in  the  hardwood  industry  another  organization  com- 
posed of  wholesalers,  dealers  and  some  manufacturers  and 
an  effort  has  been  made  to  make  it  appear  as  tho  this  move- 
ment is  solely  an  attack  on  that  organization.  If  any  one 
here  present  today  is  impelled  by  any  such  motive  he  is, 
I  am  sure,  entirely  out  of  harmony  with  the  spirit  that  ac- 
tuates this  great  movement. 

We  are  here,  not  in  criticism  of  any  other  organization 
nor  in  protest  thereof,  but  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  to- 
gether all  of  the  hardwood  mills  in  this  country,  of  uniting 
into  one  organization  all  of  that  class  of  people  possessing 
a  unity  of  interest  to  the  end  that  we  may  improve  condi- 
tions within  our  industry  and  place  ourselves  in  position 
to  more  efficiently  serve  the  public. 

We  have  no  word  of  criticism  of  the  wholesaler  or  in- 
termediate dealer  who  transacts  his  business  honestly.  He 
is  an  important  factor  in  the  industry  and  should  receive 
encouragement.  The  wholesaler  or  dealer  who  thrives  by 
manipulation,  substitution  or  other  sharp  practices  is  a  para- 
site and  him  do  we  condemn  and  we  should  not  rest  until  he 
has  been  completely  eliminated. 

The  wholesalers  or  dealers  have  unity  of  interest  and 
should  properly  unite  into  one  organization,  and  it  is  proper 

33 


that  they  should  handle  the  problems  that  confront  their 
branch  of  industry  without  molestation  from  us.  It  is  like- 
wise proper  that  these  problems  that  peculiarly  affect  the 
manufacturer  should  be  handled  solely  by  the  manufacturer 
without  interference  from  the  distributor.  The  question  of 
inspection  rules  and  other  kindred  questions  are  problems 
that  must  be  worked  out  by  the  producer  with  the  assistance 
of  the  consumer.  The  distributor  is  not  concerned  in  these 
problems  and  the  honest  wholesaler  is  content  to  merchan- 
dise lumber  of  such  standards  as  may  be  decided  by  the 
manufacturer,  with  the  assistance  of  the  consumer,  to  best 
meet  the  situation. 

Do  not  permit  ourselves  to  be  embittered  against  fellow 
hardwood  manufacturers  who  may  at  this  time  not  be  asso- 
ciated with  us,  because  of  unwarranted  attacks  on  us  by 
some  other  organization  to  which  they  may  belong.  Remem- 
ber, their  interests  are  ours.  Whatever  good  we  accomplish 
must  be  shared  by  them.  They  may  not  see  things  now  just 
as  we  do,  but  the  day  of  awakening  is  not  far  distant.  Grad- 
ually the  mist  will  clear  from  their  eyes  and  they  will  see 
where  their  interests  lie.  Until  that  day  comes,  we  must 
preserve  a  kindly  helpful  spirit  toward  them,  make  them 
realize  that  at  heart  we  are  brothers,  that  their  interests 
are  our  interests  and  let  them  know  that  our  doors  are  ever 
open  to  them  and  that  we  look  confidently  to  the  future 
which  we  know  will  find  them  firmly  united  with  us  in  this 
great  constructive  work  we  are  undertaking. 

We  have  been  attacked  unjustly,  we  have  been  misrep- 
resented and  lied  about,  but  I  beg  of  you,  do  not  depart  from 
the  path  that  leads  to  the  accomplishment  of  our  purpose 
into  the  by-paths  of  senseless,  groundless  bickering. 

We  have  no  argument  or  dispute  with  any  one,  it  must 
be  clear  to  all  the  world  what  we  are  seeking  to  accom- 
plish and  let  us  pursue  the  objective  to  a  successful  con- 
clusion. 

To  those  who  seek  to  injure  and  destroy  us  let  us  an- 
swer with  a  smile  and  treat  them  with  the  spirit  that  was 
displayed  by  the  humble  Nazarene  when  he  was  attacked 
and  villified  and  which  spirit  he  so  forcibly  expressed  in 
those  simple  words  "Forgive  them,  for  they  know  not  what 
they  do." 

34 


STATEMENT  BY  MR.  W.  M.  RITTER  AT  CONVENTION, 
LOUISVILLE,  JUNE  15th  and  16th. 

Mr.  Ritter: — I  would  like  to  ask  you  to  postpone  any 
talk  from  me.  I  can  only  repeat  what  these  gentlemen  have 
been  saying  and  simply  weary  you  with  listening  to  my  rep- 
etition. 

Chairman  Sherrill : — I  do  not  think  we  can  respect  your 
wishes,  we  want  to  hear  from  you. 

Mr.  Ritter: — I  will  say  that  the  Chair  is  an  autocrat.  I 
do  not  know  that  I  can  add  anything  to  what  has  already 
been  said.  It  is  rather  embarrassing  to  me  to  try  to  say 
something  that  would  be  interesting  after  the  field  has  been 
covered  so  ably  by  others.  ********  I  think  we  should  all 
become  aroused  to  the  importance  of  this  situation.  We  have 
a  problem  here.  Must  I  say  the  same  thing  I  said  this  morn- 
ing? 

The  Chair: — Go  to  it. 

Mr.  Ritter: — Our  problems  are  something  like  this.  We 
have  been  struggling  along  for  twenty  or  twenty-five  years. 
We  have  had  good  years  and  we  have  had  bad  years,  and 
we  have  been  trying  to  do  our  business  on  certain  policies 
and  plans  which  we  believe  to  be  proper,  and  we  have  found 
things  existing  from  time  to  time  that  did  not  please  us. 
We  fought  it  out  single  handed  for  a  time  and  then  tried 
to  get  a  lot  of  people  to  come  in  and  help  fight  against  these 
evil  practices. 

I  agree  with  our  good  friend,  Dr.  Compton,  that  we 
want  to  avoid  the  criticism  of  the  public,  which  might  bring 
about  Governmental  control.  This  criticism  is  made  because 
we  have  been  sleeping  at  the  switch  and  not  working  to 
see  that  our  business  was  conducted  properly.  Too  many  of 
us  have  been  willing  when  we  sold  a  car  of  lumber  that  the 
other  fellow  could  do  as  he  pleases  with  it,  and  the  result 
was  that  the  man  who  made  the  lumber  got  the  punish- 
ment. 

I  think  we  have  all  felt  that  these  evils  should  be  cor- 
rected, but  we  have  been  too  prone  to  let  "George"  do  it. 


Now  we  have  come  here  and  there  is  something  definite  for 
us  to  work  at  collectively.  As  individuals  we  cannot  accom- 
plish anything. 

We  were  invited  to  Washington  by  the  National  Lum- 
ber Manufacturers'  Association  at  the  suggestion  of  Sec- 
retary Hoover,  and  we  participated  in  all  of  the  conferences 
of  which  you  have  heard.  I  was  never  so  thrilled  and 
so  excited  over  the  possibilities  of  what  can  be  accomplish- 
ed by  that  kind  of  cooperation  with  the  National  Lumber 
Manufacturers'  Association  with  the  doors  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce  thrown  open.  I  have  never  seen  any- 
thing that  has  enthused  me  so  much,  and  if  it  is  the  last 
thing  I  can  do,  I  want  to  arouse  you  to  the  feeling  I  have 
so  that  you  will  not  allow  anything  to  stop  you  from  going 
to  the  extreme  end  oT  the  road  in  carrying  forward  this 
magnificent  program.  It  is  the  manufacturers'  problem.  It 
may  cost  you  a  little  money,  but  you  will  get  returns  ten- 
fold. You  will  get  the  returns  when  you  do  not  know  you 
are  getting  them. 

Our  firm  can  probably  stand  the  unsatisfactory  condi- 
tions and  criticisms  as  well  as  any  other.  I  do  not  mean  to 
say  this  boastingly,  but  I  believe  it  is  true.  I  want  to  help, 
and  I  want  each  of  you  to  help  all  you  possibly  can.  I  cer- 
tainly will  give  my  time  for  the  success  of  this  movement 
as  I  have  been  doing  for  the  last  four  or  five  months,  for 
I  want  to  do  my  part  towards  placing  the  industry  in  the 
best  possible  light.  This  should  be  done  in  justice  to  our- 
selves and  to  the  industry.  I  am  for  this  program  100  per 
cent  and  am  willing  to  give  of  my  time  and  money,  if  nec- 
essary, for  its  success. 


36 


ADDRESS  BEFORE 

THE  ORGANIZATION  MEETING  OF  THE  HARDWOOD 
MANUFACTURERS'  INSTITUTE,  LOUISVILLE,  KY., 

JUNE  16,  1922. 
By  Wm.  A.  Durgin. 
Gentlemen : 

These  are  pregnant  days  for  the  lumbermen!  The 
recent  disscussions  of  your  various  groups  with  the  Nation- 
al Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association  at  the  Department 
of  Commerce,  may  be  regarded  as  the  first  step  in  a  move- 
ment which,  we  hope,  will  co-ordinate  all  parts  of  the  great 
lumber  industry  in  the  development  of  essential  unity  in 
standards  of  service,  of  product  and  of  business  ethics. 
While  these  discussions  were  essentially  preliminary  in 
character,  the  interest  shown  by  producers,  distributors 
and  users,  and  the  almost  unanimous  determination  to  go 
forward  in  straightening  out  the  tangle  of  grades,  names, 
sizes  and  inspection  rules  which  now  exist,  give  most  en- 
couraging promise  of  the  prompt  formulation  and  adoption 
of  genuine  correctives. 

Any  one  of  these  specific  measures  toward  simplifica- 
tion or  standardization  may  well  prove  of  great  import,  but 
the  underlying  basis — the  development  of  wise  self-govern- 
ment under  the  inspiration  of  the  industries'  now  leaders — 
is  of  far  greater  importance.  The  real  question,  we  think, 
is  whether  the  lumber  group  can  thus  make  effective  the 
wisdom  and  vision  which  some  of  its  leaders  possess  in  de- 
terming  a  farsighted  policy  of  high  public  service  and  of 
fundamentally  sound  practice,  or  whether  the  lumber  indus- 
try and  other  great  industries  will  permit  the  blindness  of 
immediate  self-interest  and  of  clique  jealousies  to  so  dom- 
inate, that  the  great  consuming  public  must,  in  self-defense, 
insist  upon  Federal  regulation  as  the  only  possible  correct- 
ive to  the  inevitable  iniquities  of  an  utterly  self ish  program. 

This  matter  of  sound  self-government,  as  repeatedly 
emphasized  by  Secretary  Hoover,  is  fundamental  to  every 
great  industry,  but,  gentlemen,  it  is  of  especial  significance 
to  lumbermen. 

37 


For  many  years  our  people  have  realized  the  almost 
public  utility  nature  of  your  business,  founded  as  it  is  upon 
control  of  one  of  the  great  elements  of  national  wealth.  Re- 
cently, instances  of  malpractice  have  focused  public  atten- 
tion on  the  industry  with  telling  concentration,  and  while 
these  dishonesties  have  been  limited  to  very  few,  the  entire 
group  is  in  some  measure  hampered  by  suspicion. 

Certainly  no  time  could  be  imagined  more  favorable  for 
the  development  of  an  new  breadth  and  unity  among  all 
branches  of  lumber.  Secretary  Hoover  has  sugested,  as  you 
know,  a  most  promising  means  to  this  end — the  establish- 
ment by  your  industry  of  a  national  inspection  bureau  sup- 
ported pro  rata  by  the  several  associations,  and  available 
to  every  citizen  upon  payment  of  appropriate  fees.  His 
thought  is  not  that  the  inspection  of  the  National  Bureau 
shall  supersede  present  services  of  grading,  sizing  and  in- 
spection, but  that  the  new  organization  shall  co-ordinate 
these  services  and  gradualy  develop  any  necessary  modifi- 
cations of  sectional  practice  required  to  give  greatest  stabil- 
ity to  the  lumber  business  and  greatest  ability  to  the  lumber 
user. 

Let  me  emphasize  again,  that  there  is  in  the  Secretary's 
proposal  no  implication  of  the  necessary  substitution  of  a 
new  service  for  services  already  functioning  properly ;  rath- 
er his  proposal  is  the  co-ordination  of  present  services  under 
a  representative  national  organization  which  can  aid  in  the 
broadest  and  most  constructive  development  of  the  lumber 
resources  of  America. 

This  proposal  the  Department  of  Commerce  feels  to  be 
basic.  Without  a  def inete  correlation  of  all  lumber  inspect- 
ion, it  is  almost  impossible  to  conceive  the  proper  protection 
of  the  consumer  and  such  proper  development  of  producers' 
interrelations  as  shall  meet  present  criticisms  and  build 
stably  for  the  future. 

We  confidently  expect  the  broad  visioned  men  in  the 
sub-groups  of  lumber  to  lead  in  working  out  a  practical  pro- 
gram for  such  national  service.  True,  we  are  told  that  there 
are  certain  natural  divisions  in  lumber  which  make  it  im- 
possible for  any  true  unification  of  the  entire  field.  It  is 
stated  by  some  representatives  of  hardwood  interests  that 

38 


no  similarities  whatever  exist  in  softwwod  and  hardwood; 
that  nothing  in  the  way  of  practices  applying  to  one  can 
possibly  apply  to  the  other.  As  against  this  we  are  told  by 
other  representatives  of  hardwood  and  by  the  best  technical 
men  that  all  wood  is  essentially  similar  and  that,  while  many 
modifications  of  rules  and  procedures  applying  to  specific 
uses  must  be  recognized,  the  great  fundamental  basis  of 
grades,  inspection  and  nomenclature  can  well  be  identical  for 
all  lumber  products. 

In  such  questions  the  Department  of  Commerce  must 
await  the  recommendation  of  the  industry  itself.  If  hard- 
wood and  softwood  producers  insist  upon  existence  as  sep- 
arate industries,  with  all  the  weakening  of  self-government, 
with  all  the  misunderstandings  and  limitations  which  must 
inevitably  follow,  the  Department  of  Commerce  must  accept 
that  decision,  much  as  we  shall  regret  it.  Our  only  function 
in  lumber,  as  in  all  industries,  is  to  support  the  best  thought 
of  the  allied  groups  when  those  groups  shall  unite  in  unani- 
mous action. 

It  appears  most  difficult  to  obtain  realization  that  this 
is  our  true  function.  Following  last  month's  discussions  we 
have  been  in  receipt  of  great  numbers  of  letters  and  tele- 
grams, particularly  from  hardwood  interests,  stating  that 
this  group  or  that  group  does  not  properly  represent  hard- 
wood; that  this  group  or  that  group  now  has  perfect  in- 
spection, perfect  grading,  perfection  indeed  in  every  detail 
of  practice,  and  that  any  one  dissenting  from  such  100  per 
cent  performance  is  an  insurgent-revoluntionary  unworthy 
of  hearing.  These  letters  and  telegrams  show  much  funda- 
mental misconception  of  the  purpose  of  the  Department! 
We  cannot  decide  between  groups.  We  can  only  serve  a 
united  industry  which  conceives  itself  a  permanent  closely 
knit  unit  in  our  commercial  structure. 

When  the  majority  of  the  harwood  producers  can  agree 
on  proposals  for  grading,  sizing,  and  naming  of  goods,  the 
Department  of  Commerce  is  at  their  service  in  presenting 
those  proposals  to  truly  representative  conferences  of  all 
interests.  If  these  conferences  will  adopt  the  original  pro- 
posals, or  some  modification  thereof,  the  Department  of 
Commerce  will  publish  these  as  its  own,  giving  the  weight 

£9 


of  its  moral  support  and  prestige  to  the  movement,  but  un- 
til producers  of  hardwood  are  in  substantial  agreement 
among  themselves,  and  in  further  agreement  with  producers 
of  softwoods,  the  sort  of  national  constructive  action  for 
which  Secretary  Hoover  hopes  is  quite  impossible.  So  long 
as  personal  jealousies  or  the  assumption  of  present  perfect- 
ion controls  the  councils  of  lumber,  broad-self-government 
is  but  a  dream  and  forecast  of  the  future  must  regard  gov- 
ernmental regulation  as  the  most  probably  outcome  of  the 
pitifully  foolish  policy  of  uninspired  self-interest. 

Gentlemen,  you  have  great  opportunity.  By  forgetting 
past  animosities,  by  uniting  in  genuine  effort  to  develop  a 
national  lumber  practice  of  highest  ethical  grade,  you  can 
place  your  industry  in  the  lead  of  great  American  projects. 
You  can  forestall  regulation  by  making  such  regulation  ut- 
terly unnecessary.  The  Department  of  Commerce  stands 
ready  to  assist  in  every  way  in  bringing  such  unification  to 
consumation,  but  the  problem  of  developing  wise  national 
practice,  is  your  problem,  not  ours.  We  can,  and  will,  sup- 
port and  follow  up  stabilizing  recommendations  to  the  full, 
but  our  Department — any  department  of  Federal  Govern- 
ment— can  aid  only  in  so  far  as  you  build  for  lasting  stabil- 
ity and  the  greater  ultimate  rewards  attained  through  the 
vision  of  broad  public  service. 

Gentlemen,  we  are  looking  to  you  to  so  build — to  wipe 
out  any  lingering  enmities  in  the  hardwood  field — to  estab- 
lish unified  proposals  for  all  aspects  of  lumber  service — to 
go  forward  with  the  same  energy  that  has  carried  your  busi- 
ness to  its  first  rank  of  importance,  to  that  clarifying  and  co- 
ordination of  policies  which  shall  place  you  among  the  lead- 
ers in  the  stabilization  of  our  American  industries. 


40 


STATEMENTS  OF  VARIOUS  HARDWOOD 

MANUFACTURERS  MADE  AT  THE  MEETING  AT 

LOUISVILLE,  JUNE  16th,  1922,  IMMEDIATELY  AFTER 

THE  ADOPTION  OF  THE  RESOLUTION. 

Mr.  S.  M.  Nickey: — All  I  can  say  at  this  time  is  that 
we  are  on  the  right  track  and  in  the  end  right  will  prevail 
as  it  does  in  everything.  A  good  many  of  us  have  fought 
along  these  lines  for  a  great  many  years,  and  we  have  real- 
ized as  manufacturers  and  producers  of  lumber  that  there 
was  something  wrong  with  our  business,  and  we  hardly 
knew. what  it  ,was.  I  heartly  endorse  everything  done  yes- 
terday and  today  and  wish  success  to  this  Institute. 

Mr.  G.  W.  Allport:— Many  of  the  thoughts  I  have  had 
in  business  for  some  time  have  been  crystalized  here  today, 
and  if  we  go  ahead  and  carry  out  the  balance  of  the  pro- 
gram laid  out  before  us,  I  believe  that  the  whole  hardwood 
lumber  industry  will  be  benefited.  I  want  to  lend  all  the 
support  I  can  and  will  do  all  the  work  I  am  called  on  to  do 
to  make  this  Association  a  success.  I  am  proud  to  be  con- 
nected with  an  Association  starting  out  under  the  condi- 
tions as  expressed  here  yesterday  and  today. 

Mr.  R.  M.  Carrier: — There  is  no  question  but  that  we 
are  working  on  the  right  line,  and  if  those  here  will  back 
up  this  Institute  and  the  officers  of  it  along  the  lines  out- 
lined, there  is  no  question  but  what  we  shall  succeed.  This 
work  is  going  on  because  of  the  needs  of  our  business,  and 
the  only  thing  we  want  is  to  be  able  to  conduct  our  busi- 
ness in  a  successful  and  intelligent  way,  and  I  am  one  that 
always  believed  and  will  always  believe  that  the  manufac- 
turer of  a  product  is  the  one  to  say  what  the  grades  shall 
be,  taking  into  consideration,  of  course,  the  needs  of  the  con- 
sumer and  the  wishes  of  the  public.  If  we  go  on  with  the 
work  as  outlined  in  the  last  few  days,  we  will  come  to  the 
point  where  we  can  intelligently  and  successfully  conduct 
our  business. 

Mr.  M.  W.  Stark : — Some  of  the  things  that  have  been 
said  here  today  are  basic  and  fundamental  to  such  an  ex- 

41 


tent  that  I  cannot  imagine  any  difference  of  opinion  as  to 
them.  The  thought  that  stands  out  in  my  mind  at  this 
time  is  that  we  have  taken  on  a  large  order.  We  can  fill 
that  order  but  we  cannot  fill  it  by  letting  "George"  do  it, 
or  any  other  person  but  ourselves.  There  is  work  here  for 
each  one  of  us  and  no  one  must  fail  to  do  his  full  part  in 
supporting  the  Officers  and  Directors.  It  is  going  to  re- 
quire the  thought  and  intelligent  cooperation  of  every  man 
in  the  Institute.  We  must  go  back  home  and  tell  our  neigh- 
bors what  has  been  done  and  explain  the  whole  matter  to 
them.  This  will  enable  us  to  increase  our  membership  two 
or  three  times  in  a  very  short  time.  The  faster  we  add  to 
our  membership  and  the  faster  our  program  can  be  devel- 
oped, the  sooner  we  will  arrive  at  the  goal  for  which  we  are 
all  striving. 

Mr.  R.  L.  Jurden: — We  are  100  per  cent  behind  you.  I 
am  glad  to  say  that  the  time  has  come  when  the  manufac- 
turers have  awakened  and  are  going  to  run  their  own  busi- 
ness. 

Mr.  G.  W.  Martin : — I  am  sorry  that  Mr.  Murray  of  our 
company  is  absent.  We  are  in  the  hardwood  business,  but 
have  been  manufacturing  yellow  pine  for  a  number  of  years. 
We  are  very  enthusiastic  along  any  line  which  will  improve 
conditions  in  the  hardwood  industry  and  we  are  ready  to 
help  in  any  way  in  the  program  which  has  been  outlined  by 
this  organization,  and  you  may  be  sure  that  there  will  be  no 
discount  on  the  part  that  our  company  will  play. 

Mr.  Max  Sondheimer: — You  may  think  you  have  dis- 
covered a  new  proposition,  and  there  are  some  of  you  who 
will  remember  an  occasion  twenty  years  ago  when  I  was  al- 
most barred  from  an  association  because,  in  the  discussion, 
I  advocated  the  very  proposition  you  have  adopted  here  to- 
day ;  namely,  that  the  manufacturer  is  the  man  who  has  the 
right  to  make  rules  for  disposing  of  his  property,  this,  of 
course,  to  be  done  in  conjunction  with  the  needs  of  the  con- 
sumer or  the  public  he  serves. 

Mr.  W.  E.  DeLaney : — It  seems  to  me  that  today  we  are 
about  to  throw  off  the  shackles  which  have  held  us  in  bond- 
age for  years,  and  out  of  this  meeting  we  are  going  to  have 

42 


a  100  per  cent  organization  that  can  speak  with  authority 
for  the  hardwood  producers  of  this  country  at  Washington 
or  any  other  place.  We  have  been  unfortunate  and  had  our 
troubles,  but  we  have  always  played  fair.  I  do  not  think 
there  is  a  man  who  was  a  member  of  the  American  Hard- 
wood Manufacturers'  Association  who  felt  that  he  had  done 
anything  wrong  although  the  courts  of  this  country  did  not 
agree  with  us.  I  am  proud  of  the  fact  that  none  of  our 
members  have  ever  unbraided  the  Supreme  Court  when  the 
Supreme  Court  decided  that  we  were  wrong,  and  as  100  per 
cent  loyal  Americans,  we  abide  by  that  edict.  I  believe  in 
upholding  the  law. 

Mr.  F.  K.  Conn : — I  feel  almost  too  good  to  say  anything. 
I  have  long  felt  the  need  of  such  an  organization  as  we  have 
brought  forward  here  yesterday  and  today.  Going  back  into 
our  homes  and  stirring  up  enthusiasm  is  no  big  job  now.  We 
are  going  back  and  know  before  we  go  that  every  fellow  at 
home  who  is  manufacturing  lumber  is  going  to  fall  in  line, 
and  it  is  not  going  to  take  much  of  an  effort  to  get  him  to 
come  into  this  association.  I  am  100  per  cent  for  an  organ- 
ization of  hardwood  manufacturers,  and  for  my  company  I 
gladly  endorse  everything  that  has  been  done  here. 

Mr.  B.  F.  Dulweber: — I  am  delighted  with  the  results 
of  this  meeting.  It  is  the  culmination  of  my  highest  hope. 
For  years  I  have  felt  the  need  of  an  organization  repres- 
enting the  manufacturers.  Not  such  an  organization  as  we 
have  had  before  but  an  organization  qualified  to  speak  for 
the  manufacturers  throughout  the  entire  country.  I  am 
sure  we  have  laid  the  foundation  here  today  for  such  an  or- 
ganization. 

Mr.  C.  M.  Kellogg: — I  can  say  "Amen"  to  what  the  rest 
of  you  have  said,  and  I  do  not  know  when  I  have  been  in  a 
meeting  of  men  who  were  so  sincere  in  their  purposes  as 
you  gentlemen  seem  to  be  today.  I  cannot  help  but  feel  that 
anything  but  good  could  come  to  this  organization.  I  think 
we  have  started  something  that  is  going  to  make  history 
and  it  will  be  history  that  will  be  good  for  the  manufacturer 
and  the  consumer  as  a  whole.  I,  of  course,  will  do  everything 
I  can  for  the  good  of  the  Institute. 

43 


Mr.  H.  B.  Anderson : — You  have  turned  this  into  an  Ex- 
perience Meeting.  Judging  by  the  remarks,  I  should  think 
the  audience  would  like  to  sing  "This  is  the  day  for  which 
I  long  have  sought."  The  Government,  thru  broad-minded 
constructive  statesmen,  has  held  out  a  hand  in  order  to  give 
us  self-government,  and  it  is  simply  a  question  of  whether 
the  old  medieval  lumber  industry  can  get  up  to  it.  Right 
now  the  telephone  is  almost  obselete.  in  a  i'ew  years  the 
automobile  will  be  obsolete  as  the  ox  cart  is  now,  yet  the 
hardwood  lumber  industry  is  operating  under  medevial  prac- 
tices that  will  not  and  cannot  be  permitted.  This  is  simply 
a  movement  to  bring  the  hardwood  lumber  industry  up  to 
the  standard  of  the  20th  century. 

Mr.  Himmelberger : — I  believe  we  are  on  the  right 
track.  An  association  of  this  kind  has  been  needed  for  a 
long  time.  We  are  for  it  and  will  do  all  we  can  to  help  it 
along. 

Mr.  E.  A.  Lang : — I  am  proud  to  be  associated  with  men 
who  have  the  nerve  to  carry  out  what  you  have  done  in  this 
meeting.  Speaking  for  my  company  and  for  myself,  I  en- 
dorse in  full  the  plans  you  have  adopted.  As  far  as  I  can 
see,  we  are  right.  Let's  go. 

Mr.  John  Raine: — I  think  we  can  prove  to  ourselves 
and  the  Government  that  we  are  capable  of  self-government, 
and  again  I  say  "Let's  go." 

Mr.  E.  B.  Norman : — I  have  not  very  much  to  say  be- 
cause my  brother  has  said  a  good  deal  for  the  Norman  fam- 
ily, and  in  a  large  measure  what  he  has  said  expresses  my 
personal  views.  I  will  say  that  we  are  going  to  call  upon  the 
membership  as  probably  never  before  and  there  is  going  to 
be  an  effort  to  make  this  in  every  sense  national  and  in  no 
sense  sectional.  I  believe  it  is  expected  of  us  that  we  form 
a  manufacturers'  association,  national  in  scope,  and  we  are 
going  to  make  an  effort  to  get  all  lumber  manufacturers 
and  lumber  manufacturers'  associations  coordinated  with  us 
in  some  way  or  another.  I  am  in  hearty  sympathy  with  The 
Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Institute. 


44 


KEEPING  THE  GOVERNMENT  OUT  OF  THE 
LUMBER  BUSINESS. 

Washington,  D.  C.,  July  12. — Wilson  Compton,  secre- 
tary-manager of  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Asso- 
ciation, today  issued  a  statement  designed  to  clear  the  at- 
mosphere with  regard  to  the  relation  of  the  Department  of 
Commerce  to  the  movement  to  standardization  in  the  lumber 
industry,  placing  strong  emphasis  on  repeated  declarations 
of  Secretary  Hoover  that  the  last  thing  he  wants  to  see  is 
Government  interference. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  from  the  outset  Mr. 
Hoover  has  sought  to  make  it  clear  that  he  considers  stand- 
ardization and  simplification  of  grades,  nomenclature,  di- 
mensions etc.,  as  a  problem  for  the  industry,  the  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce  desiring  to  cooperate  in  a  helpful  way 
only  and  with  no  thought  of  dictation. 

It  should  be  recalled  in  this  connection  that  the  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce  under  the  law  is  clothed  with  only  ad- 
ministrative authority.  Its  functions  are  not  of  regulatory 
character  and  it  has  no  power  of  disciplinary  action.  Its 
one  job  is  to  help  American  business,  industry  and  com- 
merce within  the  limits  of  the  laws  under  which  it  operates. 

Mr.  Compton's  statement  follows: 

On  May  24,  1922,  Secretary  of  Commerce  Hoover  said 
to  a  group  of  fifty  representative  lumbermen  in  conference 
with  him  in  Washington: 

"The  whole  object  of  this  conference  is  to  see  to  it 

if  we  can  not  develop  what  I  think  is  a  primary  interest 

in  American  industry,  and    that    is  self-government. 

We  do  not  want  the  Government  in  any  of  these  issues 

in  any  shape  or  form.     And  by  the  success  of  these 

conferences  we  will  have  effectually  buried  agitation 

that  has  been  in  progress  -in  that  direction.     *     * 

There  can  be  no  demonstration  more  positive  than  this 

of  the  purpose  of  a  high  official,  charged  by  Federal  law 

with  the  duty  to  foster  American  industry  and  commerce, 

45 


to  keep  the  wasteful  hand  of  Government  out  of  the  affairs 
of  ordinary  business  enterprise.  It  is  particularly  note- 
worthy to  lumbermen.  It  is  a  direct  challenge  to  the  lum- 
ber industry  to  settle  its  own  trade  problems;  set  its  own 
high  standards;  eliminate  its  own  wastes  and  itself  correct 
whatever  inefficiency  there  may  be  in  lumber  manufacture 
or  defects  in  lumber  distribution.  It  is  an  invitation  to  a 
constructive  program  that  will  bring  more  certain  profit  to 
the  producer;  more  satisfaction  at  less  cost  to  the  consumer; 
and  gradually  the  more  complete  utilization  of  raw  mater- 
ials— a  consideration  of  no  small  importance  in  this  day  of 
clamor  for  conservation.  It  comes  from  the  Department  of 
Commerce,  whose  sole  obligation  under  the  law  is  to  stimu- 
late and  aid  business  and  which  has  no  disciplinary  or  regu- 
latory powers  whatsoever.  The  lumber  industry  in  recent 
years  has  seen  so  much  of  the  Federal  Government's  "police- 
men" in  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  Federal  Trade  Com- 
mission, the  Department  of  Justice,  and  in  some  respects 
the  "tax  gatherer,"  the  bureau  of  internal  revenue,  that  it 
is  not  easy  to  understand  and  accept  the  offer  of  aid  from 
a  department  of  Government  that  has  no  regulatory  author- 
ity ;  no  power  to  discipline  anything  or  anybody,  and  no  pow- 
ers of  compulsion. 

The  specter  of  Government  regulation  for  many  years 
has  been  dangled  before  the  eyes  of  the  lumber  industry. 
Public  and  governmental  control  has  been  experimented  with 
from  time  to  time  in  one  industry  or  another  and  in  some 
form  of  degree  for  twenty  years. 

Industries  whose  operations  involve  the  use  of  natural 
resources  are  the  chief  objects  of  this  experimentation.  The 
imminence  of  this  threat  has  been  often  greatly  exaggerat- 
ed. That  is  indefensible.  But  more  often  it  has  been  un- 
duly minimized.  That  is  foolhardy. 

The  lumber  industry  has  witnessed  both  extremes.  The 
foolish  man  urges  that  the  industry  ignore  its  public  and 
governmental  relations,  stick  its  head  in  the  sand  and  just 
saw  wood.  The  wise  man  knows  that  if  the  industry  does 
that,  it  will  not  saw  wood  very  long. 

The  vast  majority  of  lumbermen  recognize  that  the 
public  has  a  rightful  interest  in  the  efficient,  stable  and  hon- 

46 


est  conduct  of  the  lumber  industry.  But  in  that  particular 
they  want  the  industry  to  do  its  own  regulating — without 
the  intervention  of  governmental  authority  which  inevitably 
drifts  into  bureaucracy,  paternalism  and  the  undermining 
of  the  ideals  and  opportunity  of  individual  enterprise. 

When  a  great  industry  deliberately  commits  itself  to  a 
constructive  program  of  self-government,  it  is  undertaking 
the  one  thing  which  will  effectually  bury  public  agitation 
and  clamor  for  governmental  regulation.  That  situation  and 
that  opportunity  now  confront  the  lumber  industry.  Such 
popular  dissatisfaction  as  there  has  been  with  the  lumber 
industry  has  risen  largely  out  of  four  types  of  more  or  less 
misguided  political  or  economic  belief: 

First,  that  the  industry  has  been  "profiteering" — 
whatever  that  means. 

Second,  that  lumber  manufacture  is  inefficient  and 
is  deliberately  wasteful  of  natural  resources.  Ridicu- 
lous, but  wide-spread. 

Third,  that  natural  resources  really  ought  never  to 
have  become  private  property  but  should  have  been 
held  for  all  the  people.  Sentimentally  attractive  per- 
haps~'but  economically  impossible. 

Fourth,  that  the  costs  of  sawing  boards  from  trees 
are  excessive;  that  the  methods  of  distribution  are 
loose,  inefficient  and  cost  too  much;  and  that  the  con- 
sumer is  the  victim,  is  often  imposed  upon  and  is  left 
to  "hold  the  sack."  Probably  a  half  truth. 

1.  The  "profiteering"  charge  is  based  upon  extraordi- 
narily high  prices  that  have  occasionally  prevailed  for  brief 
periods.  The  occasional  "peak"  prices  have  incensed  the  buy- 
ers and  have  developed  a  false  standard  for  adjudging  the 
profitableness  of  the  industry.    These  short  periods  of  ab- 
normal profit  are  followed  by  much  longer  periods  of  no- 
profit  or  of  loss.    Both  buyer  and  seller  will  benefit  if  this 
"see-saw"  of  lumber  prices  can  be  eliminated  or  at  least  re- 
duced. 

2.  During  the  last  few  years  requests  have  been  made, 
even  from  within  the  lumber  trade  itself,  that  the  Govern- 
ment establish  the  lumber  grading  rules  and  itself  conduct 

47 


the  inspection.  The  arguments  in  support  thereof — stripped 
of  pretense  and  disguise — amount  in  substance  to  the  asser- 
tion that  if  the  Government  would  only  fix  and  enforce  the 
grades  of  lumber,  then  the  sawmill  men  could  be  compelled 
to  put  fewer  defects  in  their  lumber;  and  that  the  buyers 
could  get  thicker  lumber  and  get  it  cheaper.  An  absurdity 
to  be  sure ;  nevertheless  asserted  by  men  themselves  engaged 
in  the  lumber  trade. 

It  is  impossible  to  have  at  the  same  time  fewer  defects 
and  thicker  sizes  on  the  one  hand,  and  lower  prices  and  less 
waste  of  natural  resources  on  the  other.  The  trees  are  not 
made  that  way.  The  efficiency  of  utilization  of  the  raw 
material  by  the  lumber  manufacturer  will  keep  pace  with 
the  willingness  of  the  consumer  to  use  suitable  lower  grade 
material  and  to  pay  a  reasonable  price  for  it.  The  solution 
of  the  so-called  "waste"  problem  lies  in  the  hands  more  of 
the  buyers  and  consumers  of  lumber  than  of  the  producers. 
The  sawmill  man  will  utilize  everything  that  he  can  sell 
without  loss.  The  consumer  can  largely  settle  this  prob- 
lem by  refraining  from  demanding  lumber  of  a  quality  bet- 
ter than  he  needs;  or  of  sizes  thicker  than  is  reasonably 
necessary  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  used. 

3.  There  is  a  considerable  group  of  neo-socialists  who 
are  uncertain  whether  they  are  near-believers  in  socialism 
or  believers  in  near-socialism  who  protest  the  private  own- 
ership of  natural  resources,  the  basis  of  our  national  wealth. 
They  are  favorable  in  general  to  any  measures  calculated  to 
result  in  the  return  of  the  natural  resources  to  the  public, 
thru  Government  ownership ;  and  they  are  not  without  sub- 
stantial representation  in  Congress  and  in  Government  de- 
partments. 

4.  The  respects  in  which  the  methods  of  distributing 
the  products  of  the  sawmills  from  producer  to  consumer 
are  loose  and  defective  are  well  known  in  the  lumber  trade. 
Systems  of  grading  of  lumber  and  inspection  service  to  in- 
sure the  proper  application  of  the  grades,  and,  sometimes, 
the  arbitration  of  disputes  not  otherwise  settled  are  the  gua- 
ranties to  the  buyer  and  consumer  which  the  lumber  trade 
now  affords. 

48 


Inadequacies  in  Grading  Rules. 

But  these  are  known  to  be  generally  inadequate.  The 
grading  systems,  altho  well  developed,  are  by  and  large,  di- 
verse, dissimilar  and  sometimes  confusing.  Inspection  ser- 
vice is  often  not  available  in  such  manner  and  upon  such 
terms  as  to  secure  the  universal  maintenance  of  the  pub- 
lished official  grades.  A  sound  or  lasting  system  of  lumber 
distribution  can  not  be  built  upon  a  basis  which  permits  ir- 
regularity, manipulation  or  substitution  either  at  the  saw- 
mill or  in  the  course  of  distribution. 

It  is  apparently  generally  agreed  among  practical  lum- 
bermen that  grading  systems  can  be  simplified  and  made 
more  intelligible  to  the  ordinary  buyer  and  consumer;  that 
grade  names  can  be  made  more  logical;  that  variations  in 
size  and  standards,  as  between  species,  can  be  considerably 
reduced  (altho  a  single  set  of  uniform  size  standards  for  all 
lumber  is  wholly  impracticable) ;  that  grades  can  be  marked 
at  small  expense  on  pieces  of  lumber;  and  that  inspection 
service  can  be  made  available  to  buyers  and  sellers  when- 
ever needed  to  enforce  the  observance  of  standard  official 
grades.  These  things  are  agreed  to  be  practicable.  The 
only  question  is  whether  they  are  necessary  and  worth  what 
they  would  cost. 

The  problem  of  securing  to  the  wood-using  public  an 
adequate  supply  of  lumber,  with  advoidance  of  unnecessary 
waste,  at  reasonable  cost,  and  with  suitable  guaranties  of 
both  quality  and  quantity  is  one  which  the  lumber  trade  it- 
self should  settle.  We  should  not  leave  it  to  public  or  gov- 
ernmental authority  or  run  any  chance  of  "police"  tak- 
ing any  foothold  whatever.  But  until  the  lumber  in- 
dustry does  all  that  it  can  reasonably  do  in  that  di- 
rection it  can  hardly  expect  the  complete  measure  of 
confidence  of  the  lumber-consuming  public,  which  it  ought 
to  have.  Nor  will  the  lumber  business  be  as  stable  as  it 
ought  to  be;  nor  as  profitable. 

Efforts  Made  To  Solve  Problems. 

The  plan  of  simplification  of  grades  and  sizes  and  en- 
larged inspection  service  which  the  lumber  industry  has 
undertaken  during  the  last  two  years  is  the  effort  of  the 
lumber  industry  to  demonstrate  its  ability  to  settle  its  own 

49 


*fc 


problems,  without  legislation  and  without  governmental  in- 
tervention in  the  conduct  of  the  lumber  business  in  any 
shape  or  form.  A  few  lumbermen  have  expressed  concern 
lest  the  co-operation  of  the  secretary  of  commerce  for  this 
purpose  might  mean  some  form  of  governmental  regulation 
or  interference.  The  exact  statements  of  Secretary  Herbert 
Hoover  to  the  lumbermen  in  conference  in  Washington,  May 
22  to  26,  should  be  re-assuring  on  this  point,  coming  from 
an  official  who  under  the  law  has  no  authority  to  regulate 
or  intervene  in  business  affairs  and  has  repeatedly  denounc- 
ed governmental  interference  with  ordinary  business  af- 
fairs, in  no  uncertain  terms. 

One  of  the  difficulties  of  our  whole  national  economic 
system  is  the  expensiveness  of  our  distribution.  And  these 
questions  that  we  are  going  to  discuss  here,  practically  all 
of  them,  are  distribution  questions ;  the  guaranties  of  qual- 
ities, the  simplification  of  dimensions,  the  grading  of  lum- 
ber, all  of  them,  are  steps  in  advance  toward  reducing  the 
cost  and  the  wastes  in  distribution. 

Now  I  take  it  that  we  have  a  pretty  definite  program 
to  discuss,  and  there  is  little  occasion  for  generalization. 
Whatever  is  arrived  at  must  be  arrived  at  at  your  initiative 
and  upon  your  agreement. 

The  first  is  the  question  of  grading  lumber.  When  we 
come  to  questions  of  grading,  the  first  thing  that  one  runs 
against  is  the  nomenclature — of  the  actual  names  that  are 
in  use  for  different  commodities,  and  different  quality  of 
standards  of  that  commodity.  So  that  a  primary  necessity 
is  to  have  some  agreement  on  the  terms  that  are  to  be  ap- 
plied. 

Then  we  come  to  the  questions  of  guaranties  as  to  how, 
after  lumber  has  been  divided  on  any  such  basis  as  we  may 
determine  as  to  its  nomenclature,  the  public  is  to  have  any 
assurance  as  to  what  it  gets.  And  there  we  have  to  enter 
into  the  problems  of  inspection,  and  certification,  and  mark- 
ing, or  other  devices  that  might  be  developed  to  give  some 
assurances  to  the  consumer. 

Now,  the  third  branch  of  the  discussion  is  that  of  sim- 
plification; simplification  of  dimensions  and  other  items 
that  make  for  economy  in  both  production  and  transporta- 

50 


tion  and  distribution.  The  difficulties,  of  course,  are  very 
large,  more  especially  as  there  are  some  40,000  sawmills  in 
the  country. 

I  would  like  to  make  this  general  observation,  that 
there  has  been  agitation  in  the  lumber  trade,  or  among  the 
public,  for  the  last  twenty-five  years  for  some  kind  of  Gov- 
ernment grade  and  Government  control  of  that  type.  Some 
of  the  branches  of  the  lumber  trade  themselves  have  recom- 
mended measures  of  that  order.  My  own  feeling  is  that  if 
we  can  develop  these  things  thru  the  internal  machinery  of 
the  trade  itself,  as  a  matter  of  self-government  in  the  trade, 
that  we  will  have  secured  something  even  more  fundamental 
than  that,  and  that  is  the  sense  of  self-reliance  in  the  Am- 
erican people. 

The  trades  can  do  these  things  infinitely  more  efficient- 
ly than  Government  can  do  them.  If  the  Government  does 
them,  it  means  the  further  establishment  of  bureaucracy, 
and  one  of  the  most  dominant  notes  of  all  Government  bu- 
reaucracy is  to  try  to  grab  something  more,  some  new  func- 
tion which  it  can  undertake. 

Now  the  inefficiency  of  bureaucracy  in  the  conduct  of 
its  business  needs  no  elaboration  from  me.  Its  inefficiencies 
are  inherent  in  the  character  of  its  works.  The  clear  object 
of  good  government  is  to  keep  governmental  functions  down 
to  the  minimum. 

This  is  fundamentally  a  question  of  developing  business 
standards  and  business  ethics,  developing  them  in  the  in- 
dustries themselves  for  the  protection  of  the  consumer  and 
the  trade,  for  effectuating  simplifications  that  will  make  for 
economy  in  production  and  distribution,  and  to  give  actual 
guaranties,  if  we  can  devise  them,  that  will  go  straight  thru 
to  the  consumers. 

One  of  the  great  objects  in  this  work  is  that  we  should 
make  a  demonstration  to  the  public  that  the  lumber  industry 
is  able  to  clean  its  own  house,  and  set  its  ethical  standards 
at  such  a  high  level  as  to  be  beyond  all  challenge,  and  in  that 
way  we  are  able,  if  we  may  succeed  here,  to  avoid  the  old 
and  much  mooted  question  of  governmental  interference. 

51 


What  the  Lumber  Trade  Can  Do. 

It  is,*  of  course,  important  that  lumbermen  have  a  clear 
understanding  of  the  purpose,  nature  and  direction  of  the  ac- 
tivity thus  undertaken  with  the  cordial  support  of  the  De- 
partment of  Commerce.  The  lumber  trade  can  if  it  wishes 
do  all  these  things  without  any  reference  to,  or  any  contact 
whatever  with  the  secretary  of  commerce  or  with  any  de- 
partment of  Government.  Some  detached,  disinterested  and 
impartial  agency,  however,  has  been  necessary  to  get  the 
lumber  trade  to  work  together  on  this  matter  and  to  give  to 
the  lumber  trade  in  this  effort  the  confidence  of  the  con- 
sumer and  the  general  public,  which  is  invaluable  if  results 
are  to  be  lasting. 

Moreover,  the  secretary  of  commerce  has  the  wisdom 
and  the  courage  and  the  definite  intention  to  confine  his 
cooperation  to  helping  the  lumber  industry  to  help  itself. 
This  constructive  program  has  the  definite  purpose  of  avoid- 
ing governmental  interference  in  the  conduct  of  the  lumber 
business.  It  must  not  be  permitted  to  involve  the  industry 
in  any  of  the  "policing"  powers  of  Government.  The  indus- 
try can  do  its  own  "policing"  if  it  will,  and  when  it  is  need- 
ed. That  is  the  aim  and  end  of  this  constructive  program 
which  in  the  opinion  of  those  lumbermen  who  have  studied 
the  industry's  need,  and  have  both  seen  and  heard,  is  de- 
serving of  the  confidence  and  support  of  lumbermen  who  be- 
lieve in  self-government  in  industry;  who  are  interested  in 
the  lumber  industry  because  they  intend  to  stay  in  it;  and 
who  would  rather  run  their  own  business  than  have  it  run 
for  them. 


52 


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